This research report (IWMI Research Report No 98) by Barbara van Koppen, Patrick Moriarty and Eline Boelee presents results of the project “Multiple use water services” (MUS): a framework for action research.

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This document looks at the broader range of uses which people allocate to their water supplies. It looks in particular at productive activities and micro-enterprises within households in villages, towns and cities in developing countries.

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Is something missing from your work in water supply? Do individuals and communities that you work with use their water supplies for multiple purposes? Are you challenged by how to help the poor gain access to water (beyond 'traditional' domestic or field-scale irrigation needs) for activities that generate food and income like fruit and vegetable production, keeping livestock, brick-making and building, and a wide range of informal micro-enterprises? Do you search for ways to improve cost-recovery?

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The conventional objectives of domestic water supply projects are improved welfare and public health. However, having more water close to the home also has the potential to deliver significant economic benefits. This report sub-titled 'The impact of women’s productive use of water and time on household economy and gender relations in Banaskantha District, Gujarat, India' investigates the opportunities and impacts.

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