@conference {102, title = { 01. Water, poverty and productive uses of water at household level }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Paper presented by Patrick Moriarty and John Butterworth

Around the world, hundreds of millions of men, women and children live in extreme poverty. Their poverty is multi-faceted: besides lacking money, they have limited access to education, suffer from poor health, have little political weight, and are vulnerable to all manner of external shocks like droughts and economic crises. In addition they have access to very limited resources, natural, physical or financial: in particular they typically suffer from limited access to water {\textendash} both of safe quality and adequate quantity. A great many of these poor men and women, in urban, rural and peri-urban settings base their livelihoods on {\textquoteleft}informal activities{\textquoteright} {\textendash} small-scale cropping, livestock keeping, agro-processing and other micro-enterprises. In many of these activities an adequate water supply is a crucial enabling resource: as a resource used in or necessary for the activity itself; as a provider of time (by reducing time spent collecting water); or as a key element in improved health that enables people to do work. Taken together then, water
supplies provided to households, and particularly the poorest (and women, who are found disproportionately amongst the poorest), have a huge potential to impact on poverty. This symposium is about such water supplies, about how to provide them and how to ensure that their potential to impact on poverty can be fully realised. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {103, title = { 02.A multi sectoral approach to sustainable rural water supply in Nicaragua}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by J.H.Alberts and J.J. van der Zee (2004)

The role of the rope handpump in Nicaragua.

A low cost rope handpump for boreholes and hand-dug wells up to 70 m deep has been developed, marketed, and subsequently mass-produced in Nicaragua by local, small, privately-owned workshops since the early 1990{\textquoteright}s. It is easy to maintain and highly efficient at the family- as well as community level.

The pump has met with high social acceptance amongst rural users ever since the early, rudimentary models were first made available. By 1995 the technology became an integral part of rural water programmes implemented by NGOs and government agencies. Rural water supply coverage since then has doubled from approximately 27.5\% to 54.8\%. Of this 27.3 percentage point rise, rope pumps account for 23.6\% (or 85\% of the total increase). [authors abstract]

} } @conference {105, title = { 04. Wastewater irrigation: Hubli-Dharwad, India }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Andrew Bradford, Robert Brook and Chandra Hunshal on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

Within the twin city of Hubli-Dharwad approximately 60 million l of wastewater is generated every day: this flows, untreated, from sewers and wastewater nallas (open drains) into the natural watercourses that flow into the city{\textquoteright}s hinterland. In the semi-arid climate, where the summer temperatures exceed 35 degrees centigrade and the monsoon rains are erratic and unreliable, the wastewater is an extremely valuable resource for urban and peri-urban farmers and many extract it from the nallas and underground sewer pipes to irrigate their crops. This is considerably cheaper than constructing a borehole, which makes the practice more accessible and attractive to farmers with fewer financial resources. The wastewater also provides an irrigation source during the dry season, which enables farmers to sell their produce for three to five times the kharif (monsoon) season prices, while its high nutrient load increases crop yields and also reduces the need for costly fertilizer inputs. While this farming practice alleviates poverty for many urban and peri-urban farmers, it simultaneously places them, the consumers of their products and the environment at risk. The farmers have repeated close contact with the untreated wastewater, which is a major source of pathogens, and the high levels of anaemia found amongst them can be attributed to water-borne parasitic diseases and worm infestation. The wastewater also contains potentially injurious bio-medical waste (including disposable needles and syringes), which after tilling operations becomes half buried in the soils creating hazardous conditions for farmers that work in the fields. Unregulated and continuous irrigation with wastewater also leads to environmental problems such as salinisation, phytotoxicity (plant poisoning) and soil structure deterioration (soil clogging), which in India is commonly referred to as {\textquoteleft}sewage sickness{\textquoteright}. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {106, title = { 05. Productive uses of water at the household level: evidence from Bushbuckridge, South Africa }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Juan Carlos P{\'e}rez de Mendiguren Castresana on\ 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa

Demand Responsive Approach (DRA) was the {\textquotedblleft}new phrase{\textquotedblright} in the South African Water Supply and Sanitation sector at the turn of the century. The fundamental basis of this new approach was that sustainable water systems at community level can only be achieved if people are provided with the level of service they want and are able to pay for. In other words, sustainability requires understanding and being responsive to people{\textquoteright}s effective demand for water. Consequently, the obvious question to ask was how well do we understand that demand? The answer is not very well. Our current understanding of water demand for productive uses is biased towards formal sector users of water (Agriculture, Forestry, Mining, Industry and Tourism). Very little is known about water use and demand in rural communities and most of the research has focused on water for human consumption. Systems have been designed solely to provide small quantities of drinking quality water and, in many cases, the unit cost of the water is high.
But, do these systems meet demand for water in rural areas? Are there any {\textquotedblleft}productive uses{\textquotedblright} for domestic water? How much water is demanded for these other uses? Is there an effective demand for this type of water (can people afford to pay for that water)? Are there any economic benefits to the use of this water? What happens when the system does not cater for this demand? Providing answers to this
type of questions is critical for practitioners, planners and policy makers in the Community Water and Sanitation sector. It will determine their ability to understand demand and therefore their ability to respond
to it. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {107, title = { 06. Innovation and infiltration: human ingenuity in the face of water shortage in India and Kenya }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by William Critchley and Marit Brommer on\ 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa

In parts of both India and Kenya there are serious problems with shortage of water for domestic and agricultural purposes. In the Himalayan middle mountains of India, stripping of forest resources for livestock fodder impoverishes the forest floor. By changing the nature and composition of the forest, this impairs its hydrological function, and is a partial cause of the growing {\textquoteleft}low spring flow{\textquoteright} problem during the summer months. In semi-arid Mwingi District in eastern Kenya, surface runoff erodes land and constitutes waste of a precious resource. The vast majority there still depends, in the dry season, on digging for domestic water in sand rivers. Parallel participatory research in these contrasting areas has turned up similar principles {\textendash} though rather different examples - of local innovation in the face of water shortage. The common denominator seems to be a search for a route out of poverty through prudent and judicious uses of limited water resources. These initiatives often involve the improvement of rainfall infiltration opportunities for productive purposes, and are typically located close to home. Four case studies are presented from each country. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {109, title = { 08. The role of improved domestic water supply in livelihoods }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Hope, P-J., Dixon, \& G. von Maltitz on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

Managing water scarcity represents one of the key challenges in the trade-offs between economic growth, social justice and ecological integrity for developing countries. The poor are disproportionately affected by water scarcity due to their greater reliance on natural resources to generate sustainable livelihoods. Research in Limpopo Province, South Africa, is investigating the linkages between water and poverty. Domestic water supply was analysed as a potential intervention that achieves premised health benefits and a hidden leverage for productive benefits in food security for the poor. A catchment survey at the household level (n=552) is explored to unravel the linkages between domestic water provision and poverty. Findings are disaggregated according to three social cohort groups: Home husband, migrant husband and female-headed households, and by three mean household age profiles: 25-34, 35-44 and \>45 years. All social cohorts undertake kitchen-garden farming as a significant livelihood activity. Over 70\% of households consume all crops grown indicating the importance of this activity for food security. However, access to domestic water is disproportionately skewed in favour of the male-headed, income
wealthier households. The number of kitchen-garden crops grown is significantly associated with private water access. Willingness to pay for improved domestic water reflects current levels of delivery with older,
female-headed households reporting higher monetary values associated with lower levels of water access. The authors argue that improved domestic water access offers greater equity and food security
benefits to poorer households, but the efficiency and sustainability of such a poverty reduction intervention is questioned. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {110, title = { 09. Linking water supply and rural enterprise: issues and illustrations from India }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by A.J James on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

Improving domestic water supply has the potential to promote rural enterprise, reduce poverty and enhance rural livelihoods, but may not do so on its own. The term {\textquoteleft}rural enterprise{\textquoteright} refers here to household-based enterprise activity, like pottery, brick making, toddy tapping, salt-making, gum collection, livestock rearing, handicrafts, etc. While the link between water supply (irrigation) and agriculture is clear enough, the links between domestic water supply and rural enterprise are not always apparent. This paper explores two such links, using illustrations from rural India, before discussing the policy issue of
promoting rural enterprise and enhancing rural livelihoods through better domestic water supplies. The first link is that breakdowns in regular domestic water supply can impose (monetary and nonmonetary)
costs on those engaged in rural enterprise. Data from rural enterprises involving women in rural Gujarat are used to calculate the costs of temporary breakdowns in water supply. The second link is that improved domestic water supply can reduce household water collection time, and thus {\textquoteleft}create{\textquoteright} time that can be used for rural enterprise. This paper uses data from rural Gujarat to estimate the benefits of improved water supply, for the hypothetical case where it takes a household only one hour per day to collect domestic water. This case also illustrates how women augmenting household income through rural enterprise have a greater say in household decision-making over the use of their time and money. These links make a strong case for improving domestic water supply not only for the traditional reasons of reducing women{\textquoteright}s drudgery and improving health and hygiene, but also to enhance household income, empower rural women, reduce poverty and thus improve rural livelihoods. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {111, title = { 10. Challenges and benefits of participatory interventions in rainwater harvesting:Tanzania }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by\ H.F. Mahoo; F.B.R. Rwehumbiza; S. Demgard-Larsen; N. Hatibu; A. Kitali, and M. Kahabi on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

Participatory approaches to development are increasingly being advocated by development organizations and NGOs. However, putting these methods into practice is difficult, particularly where beneficiaries have
to contribute in kind and in cash. This presentation discusses the experiences, constraints and achievements in a participatory project, where beneficiaries were involved, in identification of problems, design of solutions and equity investment in the improvement of charco dams. A university research unit and an NGO were involved in providing technical backstopping with costs covered by a small grant from a regional programme. The project targeted agro-pastoralists who own private charco dams for harvesting and storing rainwater to supply water to livestock. However, although the group of agro-pastoralists was expected to be homogeneous, with common interests, it was very difficult to achieve common understanding. Had the charco dams been communally owned, it would have been difficult to implement the project. Only 50\% of the targeted agro-pastoralists participated in the first year. However, nearly all have signed for the second year. It is important to identify their differences in objectives, interests and problems in-order to ensure a cross cutting participation in project planning, design and implementation. [authors abstract]\ 

By the improvement of charco dams (Tanzania)

H.F. Mahoo; F.B.R. Rwehumbiza; S. Demgard-Larsen; N. Hatibu; A. Kitali, and M. Kahabi (2004)

} } @conference {112, title = { 11. Evaluation of the water supply situation in the western Highveld area, South Africa }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by R.S. Mckenzie, H. Lombard, G. Constantinedes, N. Meyer and N. Adams on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

Participatory approaches to development are increasingly being advocated by development organizations and NGOs. However, putting these methods into practice is difficult, particularly where beneficiaries have
to contribute in kind and in cash. This presentation discusses the experiences, constraints and achievements in a participatory project, where beneficiaries were involved, in identification of problems, design of solutions and equity investment in the improvement of charco dams. A university research unit and an NGO were involved in providing technical backstopping with costs covered by a small grant from a regional programme. The project targeted agro-pastoralists who own private charco dams for harvesting and storing rainwater to supply water to livestock. However, although the group of agro-pastoralists was expected to be homogeneous, with common interests, it was very difficult to achieve common understanding. Had the charco dams been communally owned, it would have been difficult to implement the project. Only 50\% of the targeted agro-pastoralists participated in the first year. However, nearly all have signed for the second year. It is important to identify their differences in objectives, interests and problems in-order to ensure a cross cutting participation in project planning, design and implementation. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {113, title = { 12. The ownership and management of productive water point gardens in a time of drought, Zimbabwe }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Brian\ Mathew on\ 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

This paper presents practical experiences and new research into the provision and use of household water supplies from communal and family owned productive water point (PWP) gardens, in Bikita district,
Zimbabwe. Traditionally the people of the district are subsistence farmers who rely on rain fed agriculture and livestock. Where shallow ground water is available, households have dug wells to supply their domestic requirements, water cattle and other livestock, and to irrigate small family held garden plots. Recognising the importance of productive water, the DFID funded Bikita Integrated Rural Water Supply
and Sanitation Project and promoted PWP (PWP) gardens, as a pilot project to diversify livelihood strategies and move away from valuing water solely for domestic purposes. A high yielding water point is
considered productive when it has the capacity to deliver more water than is needed for the domestic uses of the community it serves. Thirty three communities, who were managing their high yielding water
points effectively and had suitable land available, were offered the opportunity to establish irrigated community gardens. The project also supported a significant number of households to upgrade their family wells, many of which were also used to water vegetable gardens. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {114, title = { 13. Chilwa catchment area in Southern Malawi}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Wapulumuka O. Mulwafu on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa

Domestic water supplies are used not only for the traditional purposes of drinking, cooking and washing but they are also utilized for a variety of {\textquoteleft}non-domestic{\textquoteright} uses. In the Lake Chilwa Catchment area in southern Malawi, domestic water is increasingly being used for dry-season gardening, brick-making, livestock watering and small-scale business enterprises. These activities constitute an important element in the livelihoods of both rural and urban communities. Understanding the importance of multiple uses of water, in the lives of people in developing countries, has implications for how water supply systems are
developed and how water resources are managed. This paper reports on these issues from a wider research study on water resources management conducted, in southern Malawi. It is based on data collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {115, title = { 15. A participative appraisal of the water situation in a Colombian micro-catchment }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Mario P{\'e}rez, Stef Smits, Alberto Benavides and Silena Vargas on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

Although Colombia is rich in water resources, scarcity increasingly affects water supply in various regions of the country. This is mainly a scarcity of adequate water quality. This is also the situation in the
Department of the Valle del Cauca. The environmental authority of this Department (CVC) has contracted Cinara to contribute to resolving water use problems in a specific micro-catchment and at the same time to develop methodologies that allow the replication of the work in other areas under jurisdiction of the CVC. The area selected for this project is the {\textquoteleft}Ambichinte{\textquoteright} micro-catchment located on the western slopes of the Andes, in the Municipality of Dagua. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {116, title = { 16. Transforming village water access into profitable business opportunities }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Paul Polak, Deepak Adhikari, Bob Nanes, Dan Salter and Sudarshan Surywanshi and Jack Keller on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

Although Colombia is rich in water resources, scarcity increasingly affects water supply in various regions of the country. This is mainly a scarcity of adequate water quality. This is also the situation in the
Department of the Valle del Cauca. The environmental authority of this Department (CVC) has contracted Cinara to contribute to resolving water use problems in a specific micro-catchment and at the
same time to develop methodologies that allow the replication of the work in other areas under jurisdiction of the CVC. The area selected for this project is the {\textquoteleft}Ambichinte{\textquoteright} micro-catchment located on the western slopes of the Andes, in the Municipality of Dagua. This paper presents both the methodology and results of the first phase; a participative appraisal of the water situation in the micro-catchment. The appraisal was done with the participation of both the community and institutions. It looked at the impact of water in all its aspects on the lives of people in the catchment, and drew out gender and poverty differences. Besides, the appraisal has tried to identify the demand and value people have for management and protection of the micro-watershed and for access to water for both domestic and productive uses. The demand was assessed by a Willingness To Pay (WTP) study in combination with the collection of other demand indicators. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {117, title = { 17. Tackling the roots of poverty:Zimbabwe }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by David Proudfoot on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

This paper explains the changing nature of Zimbabwe{\textquoteright}s approach to rural water supply over recent decades, and in particular the programme of a leading Zimbabwean water sector NGO, Mvuramanzi Trust. After summarising the changing approaches of the Trust, the paper reflects on the need for new approaches to respond the continuing need to improve water supplies and sanitation, and the changing nature of poverty in contemporary Zimbabwe. Case studies of attempts to respond to these new needs, especially the needs of a population severely affected by the impacts of high levels of HIV/AIDS, are considered. Crucially these include the needs of rural households to improve food security and engage in productive enterprise. Implications are drawn for non-governmental and governmental rural water supply and sanitation programmes in the country. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {118, title = { 18. Changing the water paradigm for poverty reduction, Zimbabwe }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Peter B. Robinson on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

At independence in 1980, the new government inherited a highly skewed economy with the majority of the population living on racially demarcated subsistence farming areas known as {\textquoteright}communal areas{\textquoteright}. In rural water and sanitation programmes, the focus was on clean water for household use. It was anticipated that improved health would indirectly contribute to reduced poverty through higher levels of agricultural productivity. In fact, as a result of many factors, poverty in the communal areas increased markedly in both extent and depth, reaching alarming levels during the 1990s. The mainstream government water programmes have been based on community boreholes or deep wells. Although some are used to water vegetable gardens, there has never been more than a passing interest in providing water for productive uses. Instead, under the responsibility of a different ministry, the approach has been to build capital-intensive formal irrigation schemes, with water supplied from dams. By 1999 the total number of beneficiaries of these formal irrigation schemes were no more than 20,000 households, or 2\% of the total number in the communal areas. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {119, title = {19. Poverty, water security and household use of water}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by John Soussan on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

This paper provides an overview of the key issues needed to understand the significance of water use within the household in relation to wider issues of water security and the reduction of poverty. It looks in
broad terms at the range of uses made of water within the household and relates this to the dynamics of the livelihoods of poor people from different segments of society and in different settings. It also sets out the wider context of household water use in relation to different aspects of access to and the availability of water resources. Finally, the paper considers how the issue of household water use relates to
overarching global and national development frameworks as expressed in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) agreed at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000, the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) and national policies and development priorities such as the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). These issues are discussed in more detail below, but the overall message is that the concentration on consumption rather than productive uses of household water has meant that the development significance of household water use has been under-estimated. [authors abstract]

} } @conference {120, title = {20. Water for livelihoods: bringing equity and opportunity to the rural poor in South Africa}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Dirk Versfeld on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

South Africa is a water scarce country with a history reflected in deep inequities in the distribution of both land and water. The available water resource has for the most part been allocated to existing users - primarily agriculture, mining, industrial and urban. The country has a good record in providing basic minimum supplies of water to the rural poor and this effort is continuing. Only now is more thought being given to making larger volumes of water available for sustainable livelihoods, making this symposium on water for productive use particularly timely. The available runoff is now almost all utilised or captured and redistributed through dams and canals. There is little opportunity for further exploitation of the resource, and new users are now in competition for the existing available water. Irrigated agriculture is the key user, taking up 56\% of the available resource with a contribution of only 4.7\% to GDP. This makes it an obvious target for resource redistribution, yet the benefits are shown to be far wider than this primary contribution. It is ironic that the one way of easily redistributing water into the historically disadvantaged sector is through irrigated agriculture, yet this will only worsen the shortages experienced and will do little to resolve the fundamental issue {\textendash} which is to make water 0really useful to a significantly large proportion of the rural poor. [authors abstract]

} } @booklet {540, title = {About the MUS Group}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {190, title = {Addressing health through multiple use water services}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {351, title = {Africa: MUS and functions of water with the elephant pump}, year = {Submitted} } @article {235, title = {An{\'a}lisis de las intervenciones del PAAR}, year = {Submitted} } @article {258, title = {An{\'a}lisis de las intervenciones del Programa PAAR en el Valle del Cauca}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Analiza las intervenciones del Programa PAAR en el Valle del Cauca bajo los principios de los usos m{\'u}ltiples del agua en el nivel local, a partir de la evaluaci{\'o}n de 91 de las intervenciones ejecutadas entre 2003 y 2006.

} } @article {233, title = {An{\'a}lisis del Ciclo de Proyecto del PAAR}, year = {Submitted} } @article {254, title = {An{\'a}lisis del ciclo de proyecto del PAAR}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Contiene el an{\'a}lisis del Ciclo de Proyecto del Programa de Abastecimiento de Agua Rural para el Valle del Cauca, PAAR, bajo el enfoque de los Usos Multiples del Agua.

} } @article {256, title = {An{\'a}lisis Institucional MUS Bolivia}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {199, title = {Analysis of the MUS learning alliance process in Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @article {239, title = {Analysis of the PAAR Program Interventions in Valle del Cauca, Colombia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper analyses the interventions of the PAAR Program in Valle del Cauca department using a framework of principles on multiple uses of water at the local level, through the evaluation of 91 projects executed between 2003 and 2006.

} } @book {293, title = {Applying the learning alliance approach in India}, year = {Submitted} } @book {288, title = {Applying the learning alliance approach in Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {373, title = {Aquastat and multiple-use water services}, year = {Submitted} } @article {96, title = {Articulo 1: Estudios de caso del uso de agua familiar}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Esta investigaci{\'o}n, indica que poco menos de la mitad del total de agua potable en las zonas peri-urbanas de Cochabamba se usa para la producci{\'o}n en huertas y la cr{\'\i}a de animales.\ 

} } @article {98, title = {Articulo 2: Disputas del agua para usos productivos}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

En Tarata, cerca de la ciudad de Cochabamba, la empresa de agua potable quiso usar una parte del agua de la represa para agricultura en las zonas peri-urbanas. Esta acci{\'o}n tubo como resultados un conflicto entre regantes y los pobladores.

} } @booklet {357, title = {Asia: monetary assessment of multiple functions of irrigation water}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {394, title = {Asia: multiple use of water in flood plains, CGIAR-CPWF}, year = {Submitted} } @article {330, title = {Assessment report Delani village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {331, title = {Assessment report Dixie village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {332, title = {Assessment report Gottenburg village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {333, title = {Assessment report Hlalakahle village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {334, title = {Assessment report Hluvukani village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {335, title = {Assessment report Lephong village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {336, title = {Assessment report Seville A village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {337, title = {Assessment report Seville B village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {338, title = {Assessment report Seville C village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {339, title = {Assessment report Thorndale village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {340, title = {Assessment report Utah village}, year = {Submitted} } @article {166, title = {Background note for session on mus, sanitation and reuse}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {211, title = {Background paper to the symposium: from practice to policy}, year = {Submitted} } @article {225, title = {Bolivia- Resource Center with local government for multiple-use water services in Cochabamba}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This report (in Spanish) documents the development of a resource center in alliance with local government of Cochabamba to enhance providers{\textquoteright} coordination, support and financing for small water committees, especially in dealing with multiple-use water services.

} } @booklet {464, title = {Bolivia: the Challacaba case}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A story of a group of boys and how the lack of access to improved water supply affects the livelihoods of their families. The story takes place in the community of Challacaba, Cochabamba, Bolivia.

} } @article {247, title = {Bolivia- Water use in the Challacaba community, District 9, Cochabamba}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

District 9 is one of the poorest parts of the city Cochabamba, and this rapidly growing peri-urban area has huge needs for improved water services. The Challacaba community have developed a water distribution network that is used for domestic supply as well as for watering cows. Agriculture is still an important activity and wastewater from the municipal treatment plant is used for irrigation. This case study by AGUATUYA and Centro-AGUA analysed multiple uses of their system with a focus on sustainability, technology and financing.

} } @article {136, title = {Bulgaria: institutional constraints for multiple use of water (English)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This case study by Insa Theesfeld provides an institutional analysis of the {\textquoteright}rules-in-use{\textquoteright} that govern local irrigation systems in Bulgaria.

} } @article {127, title = {Cape Verde: assessing the financial sustainability of water supply systems}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

In March 2005, IRC undertook a study to assess the financial sustainability of water supply systems for five municipal Autonomous Water and Sanitation Companies (SAAS) at the Santiago Island in Cape Verde. IRCs research in these areas led to the conclusion that, in some areas, due to the way in which tariffs are set, the productive use for irrigation from a multiple use water supply may lead to serious problems to equity and financial sustainability, thereby threatening and undermining the entire system.

} } @booklet {484, title = {Catholic Relief Services and MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {204, title = {Characterising MUS at community level: findings from case studies in 8 countries}, year = {Submitted} } @article {547, title = {Checklist on integrating gender into agricultural water management}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Agricultural Water Management (AWM) is essential to food security, but it also plays a fundamental role in building human capital in rural areas. This checklist on gender in AWM recognises the importance of multiple-use in that.

} } @book {284, title = {Chhatiwan: abundant water}, year = {Submitted} } @article {423, title = {China: multiple-uses in large irrigation schemes audited in Shanxi province }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This report presents on the main findings drawn from an FAO-organised workshop on the application of MASSMUS (mapping systems and services for multiple uses) in the Shanxi province (14-23 June 2010). With a focus on the Fenhe irrigation district, the report provides interesting insight into the application of MASSMUS and uncovers new facets in MUS by incorporating discussions in urban ecosystems and the watering of recreational parks. It validates the importance of MUS in contributing to district revenues, and highlights MUS as a practise integrated in the formal operational management of the irrigation{\textquoteright}s district. A second MASSMUS workshop is planned to take place in South China in September.

}, url = {http://www.fao.org/nr/water/docs/MASSMUSFenhe-report_Final.pdf} } @booklet {154, title = {Colombia}, year = {Submitted} } @article {426, title = {Colombia: balancing consumption and availability in a MUS system}, year = {Submitted} } @article {245, title = {Colombia- Integrated water resources management at the farm level in Quindio}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This M.Sc. thesis analyzes how different types of farms (coffee, dairy, mixed with tourism) utilise water resources for crops, livestock, coffee processing, and domestic uses, and dispose of wastewater. Practices and technologies to reduce demands and minimise pollution for sustainable water use are recommended.

} } @booklet {358, title = {Colombia: learning alliance for scaling up multiple use services}, year = {Submitted} } @article {248, title = {Colombia- Legal \& institutional frameworks in Colombia \& their impact on multiple use water systems}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This institutional analysis of the rural water sector in Colombia analyses obstacles and opportunities to implement multiple-use water services in laws, policies and regulations, and in institutions at national, departmental, municipal and basin levels.

} } @article {220, title = {Colombia- Multiple uses of water in the Cajamarca irrigation system}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This case study (in Spanish) analyses the use of irrigation and domestic water systems serving a rural community in the Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

} } @article {222, title = {Colombia- Multiple uses of water in the La Palma -Tres Puertas water supply system, Valle del Cauca}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This case study (in Spanish) analyses the La Palma - Tres Puertas water supply system as a {\textquotedblleft}de-facto{\textquotedblright} multiple uses system, and identifies proposals in order to improve the service.

} } @article {224, title = { Colombia: Multiple uses of water in the micro-catchment of El Chocho}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This case study examines multiple uses of water in the El Chocho catchment near Cali, Colombia. This document is avaiable in Spanish with a summary in English.

} } @article {101, title = {Colombia: rural MUS study in Cali}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Entitled {\textquoteright}Recognizing reality: multiple use of rural water supply systems{\textquoteright}, this case study documents the experience of some areas of Cali in meeting the multiple demand for water in rural areas.

} } @booklet {468, title = {Colombia: the multiple water use systems project in Colombia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Stakeholders outline how the MUS project was set up and highlight the results of the project in Colombia.

} } @article {134, title = {Colombia: water availability and multiple uses of water in a Colombian micro-catchment : English case study}, year = {Submitted} } @article {234, title = {Colombia-Multiple-use water systems by design: the experiences of PAAR, Valle del Cauca}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This report (in Spanish) reviews project design and implementation at national and intermediate level by the rural water supply program {\textquoteright}PAAR{\textquoteright} to provide adequate support, tariffs, and participatory management for multiple-use water supply. It analysis the technical, institutional, financial, and environmental functioning of the schemes and the resulting livelihoods benefits.

} } @booklet {535, title = {Community based integrated water resources management programme in Banibango and Soumatte}, year = {Submitted} } @book {292, title = {Community-level lessons - India}, year = {Submitted} } @book {287, title = {Community-level lessons - Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {206, title = {Community-scale multiple-use water services: {\textquoteleft}MUS to climb the water ladder{\textquoteright}}, year = {Submitted} } @article {231, title = {Concepci{\'o}n y construcci{\'o}n participativa de un sistema de agua de uso m{\'u}ltiple en la zona rural de Vinto - Bolivia}, year = {Submitted} } @book {294, title = {Conclusion}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {212, title = {Conclusions report}, year = {Submitted} } @article {528, title = {The cost of a knowledge silo: a systematic re-review of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Divisions between communities, disciplinary and practice, impede understanding of how complex interventions in health and other sectors actually work and slow the development and spread of more effective ones.

}, url = {http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/05/29/heapol.czu039.abstract?keytype=ref\&ijkey=wzZY8CIzDHzCDaK} } @conference {188, title = {Costs and benefits of multiple uses of water: a case from Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {168, title = {Costs and benefits of the multiple use approach}, year = {Submitted} } @article {135, title = {Cote d{\textquoteright}Ivoire: use of water from wetlands in rural areas (French)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Pauline Yao from the Ivorian NGO Femmes C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire Exp{\'e}rience (FCIEX) presents a case on the use of water from wetlands by women{\textquoteright}s groups. It shows how lack of access to water supply may lead to reduced productivity. The case is only available in French.

} } @conference {210, title = {Cover page}, year = {Submitted} } @article {213, title = {The CPWF-MUS Project}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This page contains outputs from the Multiple Use Services (CPWF-MUS) project hosted by the Challenge Program on Water and Food. The project ran between 2004-2009 and was participated in by a wide-range of professional stakeholders, research and implementation communities from both the productive and domestic water sectors. The project focused on developing and putting to test tools and guidelines for multiple-use water services (MUS) delivery - this, considered an effective strategy that contributes to poverty alleviation and gender equity. Activities were carried out in the rural and peri-urban areas of five major river basins across eight countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Throughout the course of the project, the methodology of the learning alliance was used to support in the development of place-specific innovations, and in the building/strengthening of local capacity for scaling up.

} } @article {99, title = {Declaraci{\'o}n del simposio en Johannesburgo 2003}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Este documento presenta la declaraci{\'o}n del simposio sobre {\textquoteleft}Pobreza y usos productivos de agua a nivel del hogar{\textquoteright}, celebrado en Sud{\'a}frica del 21 al 23 de enero del 2003.

} } @booklet {156, title = {Demand management}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {538, title = {Developing arrangements for community management of multiple use services in Honduras}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {452, title = {Developing working models for MUS }, year = {Submitted} } @article {223, title = {Documento de caso acueuducto La Palma Tres Puertas}, year = {Submitted} } @article {221, title = {Documento de caso Cajamarca}, year = {Submitted} } @article {261, title = {Documento de trabajo GIRH a nivel de finca en el Quind{\'\i}o, Colombia }, year = {Submitted} } @article {263, title = {Documento de Trabajo: marcos legales e institucionales en Colombia y su impacto sobre mus}, year = {Submitted} } @article {266, title = {Documento final Estudio de Caso Challacaba (Cochabamba - Bolivia)}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {433, title = {Dominguez - water balance for MUS in Colombia}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {445, title = {Draft generic guidelines on MUS }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {447, title = {Eau Vive experiences of MUS approach in Niger}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {446, title = {Eau Vive experiences of MUS in Burkina Faso}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {170, title = {Eco-sanitation}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {205, title = {Effects of MUS on the sustainability of rural water supply services in Honduras}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {183, title = {The Elephant Pump programme}, year = {Submitted} } @article {260, title = {Estudio comparativo de altarnativas MUS Caico Alto, Cochabamba - Bolivia }, year = {Submitted} } @article {228, title = {Estudio de Caso Chaupisuyo}, year = {Submitted} } @article {509, title = {Ethiopia: Addressing livestock needs in Multiple-Use water Services}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Livestock watering is one of the most widespread productive uses of water in multi-purpose water supply systems in Ethiopia. At the same time, livestock may increase degradation of grazing lands threatening water resources.

} } @article {388, title = {Ethiopia - Assessment of the contamination level of water at collection points}, year = {Submitted} } @article {302, title = {Ethiopia- Beyond fetching water for livestock: a gendered sustainable livelihoods framework }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This workshop paper uses the Gendered Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to make a gendered analysis of {\textquoteleft}livestock water productivity{\textquoteright}, which is the livestock and livestock products and services generated by water. On the basis of literature on Eastern Africa and field data collected in Legedini the gender patterns in access to and control over water, livestock, and livestock products and services are analyzed.

}, author = {Esther van Hoeve and Barbara van Koppen and Eline Boelee (contact)} } @booklet {356, title = {Ethiopia: costs and benefits of multiple use}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {404, title = {Ethiopia: Costs and benefits of MUS, Abebe, RIPPLE-Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @article {552, title = {Ethiopia: Enhancing benefits from WASH interventions - Case study from Kamba}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

With support from the RAIN initiative and Millennium Water Alliance, the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY) and WaterAid Ethiopia have been working with governments and communities to enhance traditional water supply interventions. The objective was to increase both water and food security. This case study examines how a productive element was added to community water supply.

} } @article {553, title = {Ethiopia: Enhancing benefits from WASH interventions - Case study from Kalu}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

With support from the RAIN initiative, Water Action and Millennium Water Alliance, with technical support from Catholic Relief Services (CRS) Ethiopia, extended projects to supply water for productive as well as domestic uses in Kalu woreda. This case study examines how the Multiple Use water Services (MUS) approach was applied in Kalu to develop joint domestic water supply and irrigation schemes.

} } @article {382, title = {Ethiopia - estimation of productivity of water harvesting projects}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This thesis looks into the water productivity for livestock, domestic use and crop production of SG-2000 water harvesting pilot projects in Ethiopia. The research finding shows that water used for domestic use and livestock generates the greatest benefit for rural households.

}, author = {Mulugeta Tulu} } @article {387, title = {Ethiopia - Evaluating the efficiency of slow sand filtration in clay pots}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {508, title = {Ethiopia: Faecal sludge reuse interventions: the Arborloo and Fossa Alterna}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This case study focuses on the less documented faecal sludge reuse interventions in Ethiopia: Arborloo and Fossa Alterna, as implemented in East Arsi and Eastern Hararghe, in the Central Rift Valley, and in Arba Minch.

} } @article {300, title = {Ethiopia- Gender and institutions in Adidaero watershed}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This international seminar paper analyzes how gender relations shape the management of single-use domestic water points and an irrigation scheme and multiple-use water supply facilities and women{\textquoteright}s and men{\textquoteright}s benefits from the facilities in Adidaero watershed, Tigray.

} } @article {367, title = {Ethiopia - Gender Implications in Managing Multiple Water Supply Systems}, year = {Submitted} } @article {511, title = {Ethiopia: Greywater reuse interventions - keyhole and vertical gardens}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Having a vegetable gardens at the homestead can help improve nutrition, while surplus may be an important source of income. Greywater is a valuable source of water in (semi) arid areas and helps reduce pollution of the compound.

} } @article {307, title = {Ethiopia: Institutional environment \& local coping strategies within a MUS system in Legedini}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This M.Sc thesis analyzes the recent installation of infrastructure in Legedini: a borehole with diesel pump and the development of a nearby spring for health and food. As the technologies were too complicated and too costly and insufficiently embedded in village institutions, they were abandoned after the first break down. This highlights the need for technologies that are affordable, developing alternative sources of income or accepting people{\textquoteright}s perpetuated dependence on external aid.

}, author = {Martine Jeths and Eline Boelee (contact) and Frans Huibers and Desalegne Simachew} } @article {503, title = {Ethiopia: linking water and food security; the multiple use of domestic water supplies}, year = {Submitted} } @article {510, title = {Ethiopia: Manual well drilling}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The case study Manual well drilling: an alternative for shallow groundwater development for multiple use services (MUS) looks into the features of manual well drilling in Ethiopia and the costs and benefits. Manual drilling is a fast and relatively low-cost method of accessing shallow groundwater for multiple uses.

} } @article {496, title = {Ethiopia: multiple-use water services scoping study}, year = {Submitted} } @article {385, title = {Ethiopia - parasite infections among children in Dire Dawa}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This thesis looks into parasite infections among children in the Dire Dawa region of Ethiopia. The findings highlight the importance of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation
and cost effective water purification mechanisms.

}, author = {Dawit Ayalew} } @article {386, title = {Ethiopia: Rainwater harvesting}, year = {Submitted} } @article {513, title = {Ethiopia: Self-supply family wells for Multiple Use water Services}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Family wells are privately-owned, although generally shared freely with neighbours for domestic use. Traditional hand-dug wells come in a variety of shapes and sizes according to local geology, material availability and know-how. They can be upgraded by stepwise improvements in lining, well head protection and lifting devices.

} } @article {554, title = {Ethiopia: summary report enhancing benefits from WASH interventions}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The Millennium Water Alliance Ethiopia Programme (MWA-EP) has experimented with the\ Multiple Use water Services (MUS) approach to improve water and food security.

} } @article {512, title = {Ethiopia: The CMP approach and potential to promote multiple uses of water}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The Community Managed Project approach (CMP) gives facility users the mandate to plan and manage the implementation of facilities. Water committees manage the facility construction from beginning to end, so there is no handover of the facilities after completion, unlike projects managed by local authorities or NGOs.

} } @article {383, title = {Ethiopia - The role of household ponds in the expansion of homegardens in Tigray}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This thesis reports on the findings of a study to assess the role of household ponds on the expansion of home gardens and to assess the productivity of these ponds. It was found that the construction of these ponds has made a great contribution to the expansion of homegardens.

}, author = {Gebreegziabher Lemma Hagos} } @article {305, title = {Ethiopia: Two containers a day- the search for proper water sources in Eastern Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This M.Sc thesis investigates water quality and other health risks in the various water sources in Legedini

}, author = {Pauline Scheelbeek and Eline Boelee (contact) and Frans Huibers} } @article {384, title = {Ethiopia - valuing non-agricultural uses of irrigation water}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The objective of this thesis research was to analyze the economic values of multiple uses of irrigation water emphasizing its non-agricultural uses using data from the Abbay (or Blue Nile) Basin of the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia.

}, author = {Jonse Bane} } @article {465, title = {Ethiopia video: Money into Water, Water into Money}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This video looks\ at improved access and poverty reduction in both rural and urban environments in Ethiopia.

} } @booklet {448, title = {Experiences of MUS in South Africa}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {189, title = {Experiences on Multiple Use Dams in Sissala West District, Ghana}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {182, title = {Experiences with scaling up mus in Plan Zimbabwe}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {417, title = {Farolfi, Morardet - expert note}, year = {Submitted} } @article {303, title = {First impression of the livestock component in MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @article {495, title = {Ghana: multiple use water services scoping study}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {403, title = {Ghana: policy perspectives on MUS, Aboagye, Government of Ghana}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {355, title = {Global: assessment of multiple-use services for the poor}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {397, title = {Global: community-based MUS, van Koppen}, year = {Submitted} } @article {381, title = {Global: CPWF Topic synthesis paper multi-purpose water systems}, year = {Submitted} } @article {491, title = {Global: Guidelines for planning and providing multiple-use water services}, year = {Submitted} } @article {500, title = {Global: Implementation guide for MUS with operational working models}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

In collaboration with IDEO.org, Winrock International created a stylized how-to guide that shows implementers, funders, and policymakers: what MUS is, how it looks in practice, and how to incorporate MUS into their own operations.

} } @booklet {348, title = {Global: introduction to human development, MDGs and MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {350, title = {Global: introduction to MUS framework and concepts}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {349, title = {Global: introduction to MUS session}, year = {Submitted} } @article {347, title = {Global: Learning Alliances to promote multiple use systems}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper discusses the MUS approach and describes the ways in which the MUS project adopted horizontal and vertical learning alliances as vehicle for its action-research in eight countries.

} } @booklet {361, title = {Global: lessons learnt on scaling up MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {354, title = {Global: multiple functions of water management in paddy systems}, year = {Submitted} } @article {487, title = {Global: Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor; Assessing the State of Knowledge : executive summary of the study}, year = {Submitted} } @article {488, title = {Global: Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor; Assessing the State of Knowledge : final report}, year = {Submitted} } @article {489, title = {Global: Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor; Assessing the State of Knowledge : annexes}, year = {Submitted} } @article {542, title = {Global: Multiple Use Water Services - Potentials and Challenges for Rural and Peri-urban Dwellers}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This is the synthesis report of the e-discussion on multiple-use water services which was held from 28 April - 24 May 2014.

} } @article {498, title = {Global: multiple-use water services synthesis of the scoping study}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {392, title = {Global: MUS CBA from health economic perspective, Hutton}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {395, title = {Global: MUS in large irrigation systems, Renault, FAO}, year = {Submitted} } @article {400, title = {Global: {\textquotedblleft}MUS is here to stay{\textquotedblright} }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Edited by RIchard Carter, this Waterlines journal is a special issue dedicated to the topic of multiple-use services. It compiles the reasearch work of various members of the MUS group spanning the countries of Honduras to Nepal. Overall, the journal offers insight into the signficance and need to institutionalise MUS, and encourages further research and practise of the approach.

The fundamental idea of multiple use systems states the blindingly obvious {\textendash} at least what is obvious to water users, if not to some water sector professionals. People use water for many purposes, some of which sustain life and health (but have no direct economic benefit), others of which are productive in the sense of offering the opportunity of a cash income. [authors abstract]

}, url = {http://practicalaction.metapress.com/content/nt060872wlm1/?p=f0dc403b964b48ab88fc139d32e72ba9\&pi=17} } @article {370, title = {Global: RIPPLE-Ethiopia briefing paper 1}, year = {Submitted} } @article {460, title = {Global: Rockefeller Foundation Search on MUS}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

In 2011 the Rockefeller Foundation is conducting a Search on Multiple-use water Services to explore opportunities to expand MUS as a potential future investment for the Foundation to help create better health outcomes and generate income based on improved water service delivery. This exploration focuses on understanding the barriers that limit the scaling of MUS, their comparative importance, and possible approaches to overcoming challenges and supporting opportunities for scaling. This Search includes the following four initiatives. First, Winrock International and IDEO are developing MUS working models and prototypes. Second, the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and International Water and Sanitation Center (IRC) with national partners are undertaking country studies to identify barriers and potentials for scaling MUS. The selected countries with highest potentials for scaling MUS are: India, Nepal, Ethiopia, Ghana and Tanzania. Three main scaling pathways are examined: domestic-plus, irrigation-plus, and community-based MUS approaches. A third initiative is by the John Hopkins University Global Water Program, which organized a conference in Bellagio, Italy, from August 29th to September 1st, 2011. By convening leading experts in water and related fields, this conference identified barriers and opportunities to shifting the paradigm in the water sector from a single use development context to a multiple use context. Fourth, on 13 and 14 October, the Pacific Institute, Oakland, organized a MUS Convening. Participants from 11 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, USA and elsewhere developed recommendations to make the MUS framework a more robust and sustainable approach, so that it: ensures equity, protects the environment, builds climate resilience, incorporates sanitation and public health, and is designed for long-term success to improve the lives of the poorest communities. Gaps in our current understanding of MUS were identified as well as ideas for a concept note on moving MUS forward in the next year. The findings of these initiatives will be presented at a meeting on 11-13 January in New York, which will allow the Foundation to decide on further steps.

} } @booklet {393, title = {Global: Service levels, Moriarty and Fonseca, IRC}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {155, title = {Grey water reuse}, year = {Submitted} } @article {501, title = {A guide to MUS: A4-size}, year = {Submitted} } @article {502, title = {A guide to MUS: letter-size}, year = {Submitted} } @article {244, title = {Guidelines for planning and management of mus systems}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Guidelines for planning and management water supply systems to support the domestic and small scale productive activities of rural families

} } @booklet {544, title = {Guidelines for planning and providing multiple-use water services}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {537, title = {Harnessing the transformative power of water to sustainably improve people{\textquoteright}s health and livelihoods}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {178, title = {Health impacts of reuse of wastewater}, year = {Submitted} } @article {459, title = {Honduras: guidelines for planning, designing and implementation of MUS systems}, year = {Submitted} } @article {442, title = {Honduras: MUS and sustainability of rural water supply in 14 communities}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {402, title = {Honduras: MUS in rural water supply, Smits, IRC}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {419, title = {Hutton - input to experts meeting}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {485, title = {IDE Nepal MUS program status}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {171, title = {IFAD{\textquoteright}s interest in multiple uses}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {197, title = {Impact of Multiple Use Water Services in Tori Danda Community, Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {456, title = {Including MUS in the NREGA in Madhya Pradesh, India}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {191, title = {Incorporating Productive Use into Water Systems in Urban Nigeria }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {301, title = {Incorporation of multiple uses into new (irrigation) systems: Case study Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @book {289, title = {The India experience}, year = {Submitted} } @article {90, title = {India: Linking Water Supply and Poverty Alleviation}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The conventional objectives of domestic water supply projects are improved welfare and public health. However, having more water close to the home also has the potential to deliver significant economic benefits. Entitled {\textquoteright}Linking water supply and poverty evaluation: the impact of women{\textquoteright}s productive use of water and time on household economy and gender relations in Banaskantha District, Gujarat, India{\textquoteright}, this report investigates the opportunities and impacts of water service delivery to households.

}, author = {Verhagen, J. and James, A.J. and Wijk-Sijbesma, C.A. van and Nanavatty, R. and Parikh, M. and Bath, M.} } @article {153, title = {India: Multiple Use of Water in Urban Areas - A Case Study in Bhuj, Gujarat}, year = {Submitted} } @article {425, title = {India: potential for poverty alleviation through MUS in the Northeastern Hills}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The northeast region of India being highly rich in water resources potential, has not benefitted much from such a natural wealth. The region, endowed with an enormous water potential of about 34 percent of the country{\textquoteright}s total water resources, represents only 7.9 percent of the total Indian landmass. The per capita and per hectare availability of water in India is highest in this region. However, the societal (both productive and consumptive) water use is less than 5 per cent of the existing potential. The unutilised and excessive water supplies during the rainy season create a mayhem of devastations almost every year with ravaging floods, land slides, soil erosion and other infrastructural failures and miseries and unrest in large parts. Extreme water scarcity during the post-rainy season seriously constrains the farmers{\textquoteright} access to a reliable water source and to a meaningful economic activity at the farm and extreme hardships for the household. This aptly presents a {\textquoteleft}water poverty{\textquoteright} scenario in an otherwise {\textquoteleft}water-abundant{\textquoteright} region. [authors abstract]

}, url = {http://publications.iwmi.org/pdf/H042825.pdf} } @book {126, title = {India: rural water supply publication}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A recent book from Unicef reflects upon some of the problems of a narrow focus on drinking water supply.

} } @article {492, title = {India: Scaling up community-based MUS through MG-NREGA}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {410, title = {India: tank irrigation and MUS in Andhra Pradesh, Kalle, Winrock International}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {463, title = {India: understanding linkages: water and livelihoods in Andhrah Pradesh}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This video that was made for the Water, Households and Rural Livelihoods (WHIRL) Project is about the water resources problems many villages face in Andhrah Pradesh in India.

} } @conference {195, title = {Inland Fishery as Additional Source of Income and Protein in Minor Tanks in Sri Lanka}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {454, title = {Insights on elaborating a domestic use module to MASSMUS; case from Andhra Pradesh, India}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {451, title = {Integrating MUS in WASH projects as a Domestic+: An Initiation of WaterAid Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {391, title = {Introduction Expert Day}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {158, title = {Introduction to the PRODWAT-group and the multiple use water services (MUS)}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {159, title = {Irrigation }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {173, title = {Irrigation-plus approaches to multiple use of water}, year = {Submitted} } @article {128, title = {Jordan: greywater treatment and use for poverty reduction in Jordan (English)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This case study by Shihab Al-Beiruti of the The Inter-Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management (INWRDAM) presents research to treat wastewater at household level for reuse within gardens, contributing both to water savings and poverty reduction

} } @booklet {497, title = {Keeping the Water Flowing: Multiple-Use Water Services}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This video, developed by Winrock International,\ presents an animated introduction to the background of the MUS approach and its key features

} } @article {131, title = {Kenya: domestic water utilisation and its influence on the household livelihood of a rural community in Ukambani, Eastern Province (English)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This study by Consela Ochieng examines the role of water in the rural community of Ukambani, Eastern Province, Kenya.

} } @booklet {471, title = {Kenya: the Kabuku water project}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Get a glimpse of what was done throughout the Kabuku Water Project in Kenya by watching these two videos.

} } @booklet {557, title = {Keynote presentation by Barbara van Koppen}, year = {Submitted} } @book {290, title = {Kikwari: community-led integrated water resource management}, year = {Submitted} } @book {286, title = {Krishnapur: scarce water}, year = {Submitted} } @article {428, title = {Latin America: the role of Multiple uses of water (MUS) for the poor in rural areas of Latin America}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {184, title = {Learning alliances for mus in India and Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @article {216, title = {Learning Alliances in the Andean Basin}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Find workshop reports from the MUS learning alliances in the Andes here. The full analyses of the progress of the learning alliance process are available in Spanish only.

} } @article {420, title = {Lesssons learnt IWRM demonstration projects}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {327, title = {Limpopo general - relevance of multiple uses of water for the SADC region}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

At the 7th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, held in Lilongwe, Malawi from 1-3 November 2006, the MUS project hosted a special session on multiple uses of water. A background paper was prepared to look into the relevance of mus in the SADC region, especially into the implications for researchers in the region. A short report of the session is also available.

}, author = {Stef Smits and Tessa Cousins and Vusi Dlamini and Edward Guzha and Barbara van Koppen} } @conference {328, title = {Limpopo general - relevance of multiple uses of water for the SADC region : session report}, year = {Submitted} } @article {238, title = {Lineamientos para mus}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {192, title = {A livelihood approach to water in rural areas and implications for MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {167, title = {Livelihoods and growth?}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {434, title = {Makoni - guideline for water for livelihoods in Zimbabwe}, year = {Submitted} } @article {525, title = {Malawi: Local-level integrated water resource management}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This process document reports on the IWRM and Rural Livelihood Project in Dzimphutsi, Malawi.

} } @article {441, title = {Mapping systems and service for multiple uses in Krishna Delta Western System Andra Pradesh - India : Massmus application with special focus on dome...}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {432, title = {Mastewal - rainwater management for chain of water uses}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {435, title = {Mejia - guidelines for MUS design in Honduras}, year = {Submitted} } @article {275, title = {MEMORIA Taller Multisectorial MUS JUN 2007 Cochabamba - Bolivia}, year = {Submitted} } @article {268, title = {Microcuenca de la Quebrada El Chocho, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia}, year = {Submitted} } @article {267, title = {Minidistrito de Riego de Cajamarca, Roldanillo, Valle del Cauca, Colombia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Este es uno de los casos en estudio propuestos por las instituciones que conforman la Alianza de Aprendizaje del Valle del Cauca. En esta investigaci{\'o}n se pretende conocer las diferencias que implica contar con un distrito de riego para uso m{\'u}ltiple o contar con sistemas independientes para riego y abastecimiento de agua.

} } @conference {415, title = {Moriarty - Ladders for assessing and costing water service delivery}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {539, title = {Moving towards a MUS approach}, year = {Submitted} } @article {524, title = {Mozambique: Local-level integrated water resource management}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This document reports on the IWRM Demonstration Project: Improved livelihoods in lower Limpopo carried out in Ndonga community, Mozambique.

} } @conference {193, title = {Multiple Functions of Water Management in Paddy Fields}, year = {Submitted} } @article {366, title = {Multiple sources and uses of water in North East Thailand}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {533, title = {Multiple Use Services of Water}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {531, title = {Multiple Use Systems and equity in the Sahel, Burkina Faso}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {546, title = {Multiple use water service, a way for better livelihood in rural areas}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {163, title = {Multiple Use Water Services}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {461, title = {Multiple Use Water Services {\textendash} Messages prepared for the 5th World Water Forum, Istanbul, Turkey 2009 }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This video shows examples from Kenya, India and Zimbabwe on the productive use of water and how it helps people to sustain in their livelihoods.

} } @conference {203, title = {Multiple uses of water: a view from the reality of rural communities and national politics in Colombia}, year = {Submitted} } @article {242, title = {Multiple uses of water: Practical strategies to increase the impact of water services through an integrated approach}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This policy note presents conclusions of the lessons learned in the Multiple Uses of Water project in the Andean Region, based upon research in Bolivia and Colombia.

} } @article {243, title = {Multiple uses of water: Practical strategies to increase the impact of water services through an integrated approach}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {372, title = {MUS and service-oriented management}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {536, title = {MUS and water resources in Kenya}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {532, title = {MUS and Water Resources Managment}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {215, title = {MUS Andes brochure (English)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Brochure introducing the MUS project in the Andes

} } @article {246, title = {MUS at the farm level, Quindio microcatchment}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {475, title = {MUS concepts}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {480, title = {MUS Group guidelines}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {379, title = {MUS in IFAD{\textquoteright}s programme}, year = {Submitted} } @article {522, title = {MUS in large irrigation systems}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This document, developed by the FAO, presents the conceptual and practical approaches proposed for auditing multiple services in large irrigation systems. It is called MASSMUS, which stands for Mapping System and Services for Multiple Uses of Water Services.

}, url = {http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3414e/i3414e.pdf } } @article {295, title = {MUS in Mekong Basin}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The MUS activities in the Mekong basin are mainly carried out in partnership with the Local Wisdom Networks. The MUS project in northeast Thailand builds upon their experiences in the rainfed zone of drought prone areas. The project does its research through learning alliance development for multiple uses of water, linking up with the formal government offices and national development plans for multiple water use system aimed at achieving economic sufficiency- that links to both livelihood and ecosystem development.

Within the national development paradigm for achieving economic sufficiency, the development plans are now being up-scaled to cover the entire Mekong The development plans include- both site specific technologies and knowledge sharing through learning alliances. The implementation includes application of participatory action research methodologies for effective engagement of stakeholders in the research process. This ensures sustainability of multiple water use activities beyond the project life, not only in the Mekong basin but also nearby basins. Plans will be gradually developed to upscale the results of MUS to other countries, such as Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.

} } @booklet {378, title = {MUS in the MFS2 programme of the WASH Alliance}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {376, title = {MUS in the programmes of HCS and RIPPLE}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {380, title = {MUS in the second phase of the CPWF}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {479, title = {MUS Perspectives from USAID}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {478, title = {MUS Scaling potentials}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {449, title = {MUS through rainwater harvesting in Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {346, title = {MUS to climb the water ladder}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {411, title = {MUS Topic Working Group}, year = {Submitted} } @article {297, title = {MUS upscaling and outscaling: from household to community level and national water law in Thailand}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {418, title = {Nagabhatla - Multiple-use of water in Bangladesh floodplains}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {360, title = {Nepal: analysis of the MUS learning alliance process}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {408, title = {Nepal: attribution gap in CBA of MUS, Merino, EkoRural}, year = {Submitted} } @article {523, title = {Nepal: Community-Driven Multiple Use Water Services}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This article on lessons learned from the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project in Nepal has been published in the journal Water Alternatives (Vol 7, Issue 1). The project in the Far and Mid-Western development regions of Nepal. These regions are characterised by poverty, remoteness, rugged terrain, food insecurity, water scarcity, and post-conflict legacy. Water provision for domestic and productive uses provides opportunities to address poverty and livelihoods in environments with highly decentralised governance. This study explores the first-hand lessons learned in the RVWRMP in Nepal since 2006.

}, url = {http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol7/v7issue1/239-a7-1-10/file} } @article {427, title = {Nepal - cost effectiveness of MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @article {439, title = {Nepal: evaluation of a MUS system in the Nepali middle hills}, year = {Submitted} } @book {283, title = {The Nepal experience}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {548, title = {Nepal: Gravity MUS video}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This Gravity MUS video is about the MUS programs that were designed and implemented by iDE in different districts in Nepal.

}, url = {http://www.h2info.us/resource/mus-video-gravity-mus} } @booklet {462, title = {Nepal: IDE Nepal, Multiple Use Water System (MUS) Program}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

IDE has developed 160 multiple use water systems in Nepal. The different technologies have helped the people to generate extra income and sustain in their livelihoods.

} } @article {494, title = {Nepal: Multiple Use Water Services Scoping Study}, year = {Submitted} } @article {129, title = {Nepal: one development opportunity leads to another (English)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The broad benefits of an integrated water, sanitation and hygiene project which also included the promotion of kitchen gardening are described by Laba Hari Budhathoki of NEWAH in this case study from three villages in Nepal.

} } @article {506, title = {Nepal: rainwater harvesting lessons learnt in relation to multiple-use}, year = {Submitted} } @article {550, title = {Nepal: Report on harnessing solar power for MUS systems in six remote hillside villages}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This project brought together iDE-N{\textquoteright}s experience in MUS, irrigation, water management and appropriate sustainable business models with Renewable World{\textquoteright}s experience in renewable energy and business models for income generation in extremely isolated communities.

}, url = {http://www.h2info.us/resource/project-completion-report-harnessing-solar-power-multi-use-water-systems-solar-mus-six} } @booklet {466, title = {Nepal: Ripples of Change - a multi-use water system in Nepal}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This video by Practical Action shows what the impact\ has been of the implementation of a multi-use water systems to the access to water\ and\ the livelihood of a woman and her family in a rural and mountainous community in Nepal.

} } @booklet {530, title = {Nepal: Solar multiple use water system}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This video has been produced with the support of Renewable World on delivering renewable energy services to remote and marginal communities.

} } @booklet {549, title = {Nepal: Solar MUS video}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

In this video, we can see Solar Powered Multiple use water services in action. This system provides sufficient water for domestic use and high value crops using micro irrigation technologies.

}, url = {http://www.h2info.us/resource/solar-mus-video-solar-powered-mus} } @booklet {174, title = {NEWAH{\textquoteright}s approach to kitchen gardens in Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {424, title = {Nicaragua \& Zimbabwe: linking multiply use services and self-supply principles}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {467, title = {Niger: a Kabori Story, Multiple-Use Water Services in Action}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This is the story of Ali and his wife Hadiza from Kabori in Niger and how the multiple use water services project from WinRock International worked together with this family to make the limited family garden into a year round steady source of income.

} } @booklet {409, title = {Niger \& India: Winrock MUS implementation, Renwick and Kalle, Winrock International}, year = {Submitted} } @article {390, title = {Niger: the use of Canzee Pumps in the Zinder region of Niger : report of the technical visit}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {161, title = {Nigeria}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {401, title = {Nigeria: Incorporating productive uses into water systems in urban Nigeria, Ezeji \& Smout, WEDC}, year = {Submitted} } @article {138, title = {Nigeria: putting rainwater to maximum use (English)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

In this contribution, Joachim Ezeji examines the case of Jos, Nigeria, offering insights on how rainwater may be harvested to supplement domestic water supplies.

} } @article {253, title = {Nota de pol{\'\i}ticas 2}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {444, title = {Overall introduction to IFAD and its work on MUS }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {308, title = {Overview of coping strategies in Legedini}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {207, title = {An overview of Water for Growth and Development in South Africa}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {421, title = {Palanisami - MUS expert discussion}, year = {Submitted} } @article {95, title = {Paper 1: Multiple sources for multiple uses}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper reports on a series of household water-use case studies around the city of Cochabamba in Bolivia. In particular it examines the multiple use of domestic water supplies, and the use by families of multiple sources to meet their water needs for both domestic and productive activities. As the city expands, it is argued that productive water uses such as irrigation of gardens or huertas are likely to make significant demands upon new domestic water supply systems. These uses are equally likely to have an important impact, whether positive or negative depending on your viewpoint, on the overall availability of water resources as well as on the livelihoods of urban and peri-urban water users.

} } @article {97, title = {Paper 2: Livelihoods in conflict}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

In Tarata (Cochabamba, Bolivia) disputes came to a head in 2002 over the rights to use water for urban agriculture from a multiple purpose water supply system (Laka Laka). The Laka Laka dam was planned to provide water for a large irrigation scheme and to meet the basic needs of domestic users in the town, but not specifically for productive water uses within the urban area. When the urban population demanded the right to also use water for cultivation around homesteads, there were violent conflicts with farmers from the irrigation scheme who were determined to protect their irrigation water rights.

} } @booklet {520, title = {Participatory design for MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {455, title = {Participatory planning of water assets for multiple uses in NREGA, India}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {185, title = {Pathways for scalig up mus in Honduras}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {296, title = {Pictures from Mekong Basin}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This section contains MUS pictures from the Mekong Basin

} } @article {252, title = {Planificaci{\'o}n de servicios de agua que se adaptan a las m{\'u}ltiples necesidades de las familias rurales pobres}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Presenta ideas para la planificaci{\'o}n de sistemas de suministro de agua integrales, sostenibles y que contribuyan con la salud y la reducci{\'o}n de la pobreza de los habitantes de las comunidades rurales.

} } @booklet {450, title = {Planning for MUS, the iDE experience in Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @article {240, title = {Planning water supply services that satisfy multiple water needs of poor rural families, Colombia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper presents ideas for planning integrated and sustainable water supply systems, that contribute to the improvement of the health and poverty alleviation of people living in rural communities.

} } @article {241, title = {Planning water supply services that satisfy multiple water needs of poor rural families, Colombia}, year = {Submitted} } @article {298, title = {Pond size, farming style and multiple uses}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The optimal size of farm ponds in N.E. Thailand with respect to farming style and multiple uses of water and under various biophysical and socio-economic conditions

}, author = {F.W.T Penning de Vries and Sawaeng Ruaysoongnern and S. Wong Bhumiwatana} } @conference {194, title = {Poverty impacts of improved access to water and sanitation in Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {265, title = {Presentaci{\'o}n Power Point del Estudio de Caso Challacaba (Cochabamba - Bolivia)}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {227, title = {Presentaci{\'o}n Power Point del estudio de Caso Chaupisuyo}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {230, title = {Presentaci{\'o}n Power Point estudio de caso MUS Vinto}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {122, title = {Presentation from Colombia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A powerpoint presented by Ines Restrepo, Cinara, Colombia in june 2005 on multiple uses of water: three case studies in Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

} } @booklet {123, title = {Presentation from India}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A powerpoint presented by Joep Verhagen, IRC, Netherlands and Mihir Bhatt of the Disaster Mitigation Institute on multiple productive uses of water in small towns in India: the case of Bhuj.

} } @booklet {125, title = {Presentation from MUS project}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A powerpoint presented by Barbara van Koppen, IWMI, South Africa on multiple use of water systems(MUS).

} } @booklet {124, title = {Presentation from PLAN - East and Southern Africa}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A powerpoint presented\ by Amsalu Negussi, Plan International, South Africa on effective water use for livelihood improvement in East and Southern Africa.

} } @booklet {567, title = {Presentation on A multi-dimensional perspective on women{\textquoteright}s empowerment through MUS }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {561, title = {Presentation on Achieving sustainable water services through climate smart MUS {\textendash} A practice from rural area of far-west Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {559, title = {Presentation on Are MUS more sustainable than single-use systems?}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {576, title = {Presentation on Community Empowerment through Rainwater Harvesting Design}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {566, title = {Presentation on Impact of MUS Intervention on Women{\textquoteright}s Empowerment in Doti District, Nepal }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {580, title = {Presentation on Importance of Linking MUS with Agricultural Development: The Nepal Experience}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {578, title = {Presentation on Institutionalization and upscaling the MUS approach in western Nepal?}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {573, title = {Presentation on Learning from best practices and approaches of community management of MUS Systems }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {564, title = {Presentation on Making MUS for climate vulnerable farmers through CSA approach and sustain its outcomes}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {571, title = {Presentation on Multiple Dimensions of Community Water Supply and Sanitation Systems in Ugrachandinala VDC of Kavrepalanchok District, Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {579, title = {Presentation on Multiple Water Use Systems (MUS): iDE{\textquoteright}s Approach to Design, Development, and Impact}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {565, title = {Presentation on Multiplying benefits through MUS at local level: Case study of MUS in a remote Nepali village}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {563, title = {Presentation on MUS Approach Application in the Context of Climate Change: Department of Irrigation undertaking Pilot Projects to adapt with Climate...}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {577, title = {Presentation on MUS approach framework: Scaling up of MUS in Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {570, title = {Presentation on MUS integration in local water use master plan at different scales }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {562, title = {Presentation on MUS Represent a Key Climate Change Adaption Mechanism - Nepal Experience}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {574, title = {Presentation on Observed Changes in MUS: A Revisit to the Schemes}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {569, title = {Presentation on Soil-ferro cement water retention pond for individual households}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {560, title = {Presentation on Solar Water Lifting Technology and MUS for Energy-Poor Communities}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {581, title = {Presentation on South Africa: MUS pilot projects Sekhukhune and Vhembe district, Limpopo province}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {575, title = {Presentation on Strengthening user committees and generating income opportunity for sustainability of the MUS at rural level}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {558, title = {Presentation on the Benefits of MUS on Livelihoods and Sustainability of Drinking Water Schemes}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {572, title = {Presentation on The Gender Friendly \& Inclusive Community Participation to promote Equity for the successful micro hydro MUS implementation \& post-i...}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {582, title = {Presentation on Towards More Resilient Basic Services{\textendash} iDE{\textquoteright}s Experience with Testing the Tool on MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {568, title = {Presentation on Water Use Master Plan; an effective planning tool to maximize the water productivity through Multiple Water Use Scheme }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {179, title = {Presentation to WSSCC}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {209, title = {Proceedings: Intl Symposium on Multiple-Use Services 2008}, year = {Submitted} } @article {262, title = {Procesos de planificaci{\'o}n en la Cuenca del Rio Quindio}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {483, title = {Productive Use of Domestic Rural Water Systems The Kenya Case}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {482, title = {Productive Use of Domestic Rural Water Systems The Senegal Case}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {201, title = {Productive use of domestic water and wastewater in urban Accra, Ghana}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {504, title = {Productive uses of water supply systems: encouraging common practice, for investments with high benefit-cost ratios : summary report}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {139, title = {PRODWAT cartoon: January 2006}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

In the December 2005/ January 2006 we started to include cartoons and images witha PRODWAT message.

} } @booklet {140, title = {PRODWAT cartoon: MUS in Nepal}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This illustration from International Development Enterprise Nepal shows an innovative multiple use water supply system.

} } @article {529, title = {Public health and social benefits of at-house water supplies}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A mix of secondary and primary research was conducted to examine the hypothesis that access to an at-house water supply will deliver significantly greater health, social and economic benefits than those derived from a shared public water supply.

}, url = {http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/Output/193336/} } @booklet {470, title = {PumpAid {\textendash} Productive use of water}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This short video is about the Elephant Pump from PumpAid.

} } @booklet {375, title = {RAIN{\textquoteright}s programme and MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {175, title = {Rainwater harvesting for multiple uses}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {431, title = {Rao- application MASSMUS in India}, year = {Submitted} } @article {100, title = {Recommandations d{\textquoteright}un colloque tenu {\`a} Johannesburg}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Encourager l{\textquoteright}utilisation de l{\textquoteright}eau {\`a} des fins de production au niveau des m{\'e}nages Recommandations d{\textquoteright}un colloque tenu {\`a} Johannesburg, Afrique du Sud, 21-23 janvier 2003

} } @conference {196, title = {Reducing the cost of water using smart technologies}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {517, title = {Reflections on user participation in water system design in Bolivia and Peru}, year = {Submitted} } @article {133, title = {Relaciones entre disponibilidad de agua, multiples usos del agua y usos del suelo en una microcuenca de los andes Colombianos}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {430, title = {Renault - MASSMUS guidelines}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {412, title = {Renault - Service Oriented Management approach for MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {416, title = {Renwick - CBA}, year = {Submitted} } @article {217, title = {Report of 1st workshop, Cochabamba MUS learning alliance, Bolivia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

On 7 April 2005, a workshop was held in Cochabamba, Bolivia to bring together NGOs, researchers, municipalities and communities with interests in the multiple use of water supply systems. (Spanish)

} } @article {218, title = {Report of 1st workshop, Valle del Cauca MUS learning alliance, Colombia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This 1st workshop on 16 November 2004 was organised to bring together organisations and individuals in the Valle del Cauca interested to find ways to ensure that water supply systems meet the productive as well as domestic needs of people. (Spanish with English summary)

} } @article {219, title = {Report of 2nd workshop, Valle del Cauca MUS learning alliance, Colombia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

On 15 July 2005, the 2nd Valle del Cauca MUS learning alliance workshop brought together 22 engineers, researchers and practitioners from the department with interests in multiple use water systems (Spanish with English summary).

} } @article {311, title = {Report on fieldwork in the Tigray Region}, year = {Submitted} } @article {310, title = {A report on the community level assessment of MUS in Northern Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @article {271, title = {Reporte Cuarta Reunion Alianza Aprendizaje Valle del Cauca}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Una Alianza de Aprendizaje es una estrategia para agrupar individuos u organizaciones que comparten un problema y su deseo por solucionarlo permite tener objetivos comunes. En la cuarta reuni{\'o}n, se discuti{\'o} con los participantes la normatividad que se est{\'a} formulando en Colombia, la Ley de Aguas y el Reglamento T{\'e}cnico en Agua Potable para la zona rural, con el prop{\'o}sito de analizar la forma en que se aborda el concepto de usos m{\'u}ltiples del agua en estos proyectos normativos y generar sugerencias para mejorar dicha reglamentaci{\'o}n. De la misma forma, se presentaron los resultados de la sesi{\'o}n de MUS en el IV Foro Mundial del Agua en M{\'e}xico y las experiencias y hallazgos del grupo de trabajo de Cinara con los estudios de caso de La Palma. Tres Puertas y la microcuenca de la Quebrada El Chocho.\  [autores resumen]

} } @article {280, title = {Reporte de la Primera Reuni{\'o}n de la Alianza de Aprendizaje de Cochabamba}, year = {Submitted} } @article {278, title = {Reporte de la Primera Reuni{\'o}n de la Alianza de Aprendizaje - Quind{\'\i}o}, year = {Submitted} } @article {276, title = {Reporte de la Primera Reunion de la Alianza de Aprendizaje - Valle}, year = {Submitted} } @article {277, title = {Reporte de la Segunda Reuni{\'o}n de la Alianza de Aprendizaje - Valle}, year = {Submitted} } @article {281, title = {Reporte de la Tercera Reuni{\'o}n de las Alianzas de Aprendizaje de Valle y Quind{\'\i}o}, year = {Submitted} } @article {274, title = {Reporte Monitoreo de las Alianzas de Aprendizaje}, year = {Submitted} } @article {273, title = {Reporte Quinta Reunion Alianza Aprendizaje Valle del Cauca}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Report.

This workshop focused on the discussion of guidelines to support the design of rural water supply systems that meet both the domestic and (small-scale) productive needs of rural families in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. A total of 33 participants worked in groups to develop suggestions that will be incorporated in guidelines that are currently being developed by the institute Cinara. These groups focused on the water needs of rural families, availability of water from multiple sources, water supply technologies and management systems. The next meeting in March 2007 will discuss the draft guidelines. [authors abstract]

The full report is in spanish.

} } @article {279, title = {Reporte Segundo Taller de la Alianza de Aprendizaje - Quind{\'\i}o}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {514, title = {Resilience building in Kenya Arid Lands }, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {516, title = {Resilience building in Kenya Arid Lands - calculation example}, year = {Submitted} } @article {237, title = {Resumen casos de estudio proyecto MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {186, title = {RIPPLE project in Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {477, title = {Rockefeller Foundation MUS Search process and early results}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {518, title = {Rope pumps and other smart techs for MUS and self-supply}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {352, title = {SADC: regional experience in community-driven water resource management (CDWRM)}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {177, title = {Sally Sutton - Self supply : incremental improvement and personal investment in rural water supply }, year = {Submitted} } @book {291, title = {Samundi: women lead the way}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {169, title = {Sanitation, wastewater and lilvelihoods}, year = {Submitted} } @inbook {556, title = {Scaling Up MUS; Accountability in public water sector performance for health and wealth}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This book analyses and explains the success factors of MUS, using a framework of accountability for public service delivery, and examines why there has been resistance against scaling up MUS.

}, author = {Barbara van Koppen and Stef Smits and Cristina Rumbaitis del Rio and John B. Thomas} } @booklet {160, title = {Self supply}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {515, title = {Self-supply acceleration in Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {172, title = {Self-supply and multiple uses of water}, year = {Submitted} } @book {285, title = {Senapuk: moderate water}, year = {Submitted} } @article {541, title = {Senegal: the productive use of rural piped water}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Article on The productive use of rural piped water in Senegal by Ralph Hall, Eric Vance and Emily van Houweling in the Water Alternatives journal, Volume 7, issue 3.

}, url = {http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol7/v7issue2/260-a7-3-3} } @article {555, title = {Senegal: Upgrading domestic-plus systems - an incremental income-cost analysis}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper describes an income-cost (I-C) analysis based on survey data and EPANET models for 47 domestic-plus water systems in rural Senegal to assess whether the theoretical financial benefits to households from additional piped-water-based productive activities would be greater than the estimated system upgrade costs.

}, url = {http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol8/v8issue3/294-a8-3-2} } @conference {202, title = {Service Oriented Management and MUS in Modernizing Large Irrigation Systems}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {414, title = {Shah - Future of Surface Irrigation India}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {436, title = {Shakya - rainwater harvesting for MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {437, title = {Sharma - MUS in Northeastern Hills of India}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {198, title = {Small and large scale water supply infrastructure for MUS in South Africa}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {458, title = {SMART centre in Tanzania}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {545, title = {Solidarity between water usages for sustainability in France}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {200, title = {Sources of Water for Household Enterprises in Rural Vietnam}, year = {Submitted} } @article {329, title = { South Africa - Access to water and livelihoods in ward 16, Bushbuckridge}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This reports analyses the role of water in people{\textquoteright}s livelihoods in Bushbuckridge, South Africa. Productive use of water is not a main contribution to people{\textquoteright}s income, but crucial in diversification and reducing vulnerability. There are many other livelihoods impacts of water suppply as well, especially in terms of drudgery. It shows how the type and scope of water-based livelihoods activities is shaped by access to water resources, water supply infrastructure and local institutions to manage water. Especially water supply infrastructure is currently a main limiting factor for water-based livelihoods in the study area.

}, author = {Tessa Cousins and Stef Smits and Telly Chauke} } @booklet {406, title = {South Africa: costs and benefits of rainwater harvesting, De Lange}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {322, title = {South Africa- How to finance multiple use water systems for the rural poor?}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This international workshop paper focuses on the water policies and institutions in the domestic water sector of South Africa, and on characteristics of rural water supply in terms of level of services, costs and financing. Empirical data from the former homelands of the Olifants river basin show that, although the main determinants of costs are difficult to determine due to the extreme variability of situations, water costs per capita increase with the quantity of water delivered so without economy of scale. Very few water-pricing policies are implemented, so everybody, including poor people, have a free access to water.

}, author = {M. Lefebvre and S. Morardet and M. Montginoul and S. Farolfi} } @article {321, title = {South Africa- Institutional framework, water pricing structures and costs of domestic water services}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This MSc thesis presents the national institutional and policy framework for the domestic water services and water tarifs and subsidy policy of several Water Services Authorities operating in the former homeland areas in the Olifants river basin. Focus is on the objectives of cost-recovery, economic efficiency, affordability, administrative costs and equity and on factual costs of government-supported rural water schemes.

} } @article {318, title = {South Africa- Introduction to SWELL (Securing Water to Enhance Local Livelihoods) methodology}, year = {Submitted} } @article {313, title = {South Africa- Learning alliance monitors the progress of multiple use approaches in Bushbuckridge}, year = {Submitted} } @article {315, title = {South Africa- Learning and working with local stakeholders on integrated services delivery}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper will analyse the learning alliance process at intermediate level. Based on the ongoing process documentation an analysis has been made on how SWELL has been able to support institutional changes necessary for multiple uses of water. Although a change in attitude has been observed, especially among field officers, this hasn{\textquoteright}t translated into changes in practices. Process of institutional changes and accountability relations between communities and local government lie at the heart of that.

}, author = {Tessa Cousins and Vusi Dlamini and Nyeleti Maluleke} } @article {343, title = {South Africa- Learning support material on water and livelihoods for intermediate-level agencies}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This section provides learning support material on the relation between water and livelihoods. It is directed towards agencies supporting communities on water-related interventions. It helps in analysing the role of water in livelihoods, and participatory planning of interventions to increase water security.

}, author = {AWARD - Associacion for Water and Rural Development} } @booklet {507, title = {South Africa: National Water Resource Strategy 2013}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The National Water Resource Strategy 2 of South Africa calls explicitly for the planning, development and use of infrastructure as multi-purpose facilities, especially in poor rural areas. Water provided for domestic uses will also provide for productive uses. A new planning approach for community water supplies is proposed that provides for people{\textquoteright}s multiple water needs.

}, url = {http://www.dwaf.gov.za/nwrs/NWRS2013.aspx} } @article {320, title = {South Africa- On farm implementation of low-cost drip irrigation in South Africa}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {345, title = {South Africa- planning for a multiple use approach at local level}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper, which was presented at the 7th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP symposium in Lilongwe, Malawi, discusses the SWELL (Securing Water to Enhance Local Livelihoods) methodology, an approach for community-based planning for multiple uses of water, which seeks alignment with planning mechanisms at local government level. The application of the approach in Bushbuckridge helped creating a better understanding of the status of water services in the region and the constraints these pose on people{\textquoteright}s livelihoods. Involving intermediate level stakeholders proved to be crucial, but at times also difficult.

}, author = {Tessa Cousins and Vusi Dlamini and Stef Smits and Nyeleti Maluleke} } @article {344, title = {South Africa- Practices of integrated water services provision by local government in Bushbuckridge}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper looks at current practices of local government in providing water for multiple uses. It pays specific attention to the way it does participatory and integrated planning for water services. These practices are contrasted that with the national policy framework. It is concluded that confusion over institutional responsibilities and lack of capacity at local government level are key limitations to integrated development planning. This results in poor participatory processes, and a failure to learn from past mistakes.

}, author = {Vusi Dlamini} } @article {137, title = {South Africa: putting integrated water resources management into practice (English)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This case study by Eliab Simpungwe reveals how local people in a sub-catchment in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, through the creation of their own institution, have circumvented the {\textquoteleft} policy maze{\textquoteright} and handled water concerns according to their own priorities.

} } @article {316, title = {South Africa - seminar on local government implementation of a multiple uses of water approach}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

The multiple uses of water approach has gained broad recognition in South Africa, and initiatives are undertaken in terms of policy, research, advocacy and implementation. One key gap still are the implications of the mus approach for stakeholders at intermediate level, especially local government. This seminar brought together national, provincial and local level stakeholders to discuss these implications especially for integrated planning, financing mechanisms and definitions of roles and responsibilites.

}, author = {Tessa Cousins and Stef Smits} } @article {398, title = {South Africa: study on productive use of domestic piped water }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Water has been called the dividing line between poverty and prosperity, and is a cross-cutting tool for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The primary target group of the MDG is the rural and peri-urban poor in developing countries, whose diversified livelihoods depend strongly on water. Water use at the household level is typically for meeting basic needs (e.g. bathing, drinking and sanitation). However, a vital and growing use of water that is not usually planned for is made up of those activities at the household level that promote economic growth and advance sustainable livelihoods. This is known as the {\textquoteleft}productive use of water{\textquoteright}. Since 1994, considerable \ improvements have been made in water service delivery. Just over 37 million (84.5 \%) of South Africans now have access to piped water in their dwellings, on site, or from communal taps. However, rural water service delivery is still a major challenge. Rural areas also tend to be more susceptible to drought, making access to natural water supplies even more vulnerable. The development focus of the South African state demands that efforts be made to improve the condition of the urban and the rural poor. [authors abstract]

}, url = {http://www.wrc.org.za/Pages/DisplayItem.aspx?ItemID=8605\&FromURL=\%2fPages\%2fKH_DocumentsList.aspx\%3fdt\%3d1\%26su\%3dc4\%26ms\%3d4\%253b11\%253b} } @article {319, title = {South Africa: The application of SWELL methodology in Bushbuckridge, South Africa}, year = {Submitted} } @article {121, title = {South Africa: Water for productive livelihoods in South Africa{\textquoteright}s National Water Strategy}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Echoing the earlier South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry{\textquoteright}s recognition of the role of small-scale productive uses of water as an issue in water services delivery, the recent National Water Resources Stratgey specifically recognises this issue.

} } @article {342, title = {South Africa - Water security and vulnerability: perceptions and practices}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This report analyses the concept of vulnerability in relation to water security for people{\textquoteright}s livelihoods. Particularly, it aims to find out how intermediate level stakeholders perceive vulnerability, and how they try to address this specifically in their various water and livelihoods programmes. It concludes that this specific focus on the most vulnerable households is lacking in most programmes. These typically do have a poverty alleviation focus, but do not differentiate between different types of households and their needs.

}, author = {Nyeleti Maluleke} } @booklet {359, title = {South Asia and Global: management issues and opportunities of MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {396, title = {South Asia \& Saharan Africa: MUS cost benefits for the rural poor, Renwick, Winrock Intl}, year = {Submitted} } @article {365, title = {South-Africa - Households{\textquoteright} preferences and willingness to pay for multiple use water services in rural areas}, year = {Submitted} } @article {399, title = {Southern Africa region: guidelines for community-scale MUS}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This e-resource succinctly captures the lessons learnt from an SADC (Southern African Development Community) Danida-supported integrated water resource management (IWRM) programme. Also referred to as {\textquoteright}community-scale MUS{\textquoteright}, the e-resource provides step-by-step guidelines on how to implement local IWRM at the community level using participatory approaches. It also offers several innovative IWRM approaches that depart from conventional single-use approaches for implementation.

Community-driven water resource management is an innovative approach to rural water supply and resource management. Since 2006, the SADC Regional Water Sector Programme, supported by Danida, has piloted this approach through Integrated Water Resource Management Demonstration Projects in five countries: Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland and Zambia. Recognizing the importance of better integration across the water sector, the Programme aimed to demonstrate how principles of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) can be put into practice in rural areas. The focus was on those principles that have received limited attention as yet: water resource management at the lowest appropriate levels, users{\textquoteright} participation and the inclusion of women. [authors abstract]

}, url = {http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Other/PDF/Guidelines_for_community-driven_water_resource_management.pdf} } @booklet {157, title = {Sri Lanka}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {519, title = {Step by step approach: Community participation in design}, year = {Submitted} } @article {369, title = {A struggle for water rights in Upper Mustang, Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {405, title = {Sub-saharan Africa: MUS application in Burkina Faso, Klutse}, year = {Submitted} } @article {526, title = {Swaziland: Local-level integrated water resource management}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This report documents the experiences in Swaziland, where the Swaziland Water and Agricultural Development Enterprise (SWADE) was the implementing agent of the project {\textquoteleft}Capacity Building for the Lavumisa Irrigation Development Project{\textquoteright}.

} } @booklet {362, title = {Synthesis of session 2.4.1 of the 5th World Water Forum (WWF)}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {363, title = {Synthesis of session 2.4.2 of the 5th World Water Forum (WWF)}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {181, title = {Synthesis of the MUS Project}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {364, title = {Synthesis of topic 2.4 of the 5th World Water Forum (WWF)}, year = {Submitted} } @article {341, title = {Synthesis report Ward 16}, year = {Submitted} } @article {493, title = {Tanzania: scoping study for MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {377, title = {Technical exchange vist to RAIN{\textquoteright}s programme in Ethiopia}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {368, title = {Technology Adoption and Adaptation for Multiple Use Water Services in the Hills of Nepal}, year = {Submitted} } @article {438, title = {Thailand - Multiple sources of water for multiple purposes}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This IWMI working paper reports on the experiences of the grassroots Farmer Wisdom movement in Northeast Thailand with innovation in farm pond construction on homesteads to store water for multiple purposes at homestead level. The report also contains the results of a modelling approach to determine the optimal size of these farm ponds.

} } @booklet {469, title = {Thinking beyond the tap: Gender and Multiple Use Systems}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

In this video Dr. Barbara talks about the link between domestic and productive water needs and women.

} } @booklet {453, title = {Understanding multiple uses of water in China, using the MASSMUS approach}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {374, title = {UN-Water and MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {534, title = {Use of multiple water sources}, year = {Submitted} } @article {317, title = {Using water to fight poverty}, year = {Submitted} } @article {264, title = {Uso del agua en la comunidad de Challacaba, Distrito 9, Cochabamba, Bolivia}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Este caso de estudio es adelantado por AGUATUYA y Centro {\textendash} AGUA y pretende estudiar los usos m{\'u}ltiples del agua en una zona periurbana, donde la comunidad ha implantado y mantiene el sistema de abastecimiento de agua por su cuenta.

} } @article {249, title = {Usos m{\'u}ltiples del agua como estrategia para combatir la pobreza}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Contiene propuestas de pol{\'\i}tica para la implementaci{\'o}n de sistemas de uso m{\'u}ltiple del agua en Colombia y Bolivia

En las zonas rurales y periurbanas la necesidad de agua para actividades productivas es evidente. El riego de huertos, la cr{\'\i}a de animales, el procesamiento post-cosecha y otros negocios, son actividades consumidoras de agua que generan ingreso, contribuyen a la seguridad alimenticia y ayudan a los m{\'a}s vulnerables, especialmente a las mujeres, a tener una mejor calidad de vida. Sin embargo estas actividades no son tenidas en cuenta cuando se planea el sistema de abastecimiento de agua. Los pa{\'\i}ses separan los consumos dom{\'e}stico y comercial, prohibiendo en muchos casos el uso m{\'u}ltiple de los sistemas de
abastecimiento. Existe actualmente un proyecto que estudia qu{\'e} cambios deben hacerse a diferentes niveles para promover los usos m{\'u}ltiples del agua como una estrategia para salir de la pobreza. El presente documento presenta algunos de sus estudios de caso y analiza sus resultados. Los casos de estudio del proyecto M{\'u}ltiples Usos del Agua (MUS) en la zona andina se desarrollan en Bolivia, en la comunidad periurbana de Cochabamba, Challacaba; y en Colombia en la quebrada El Chocho y en el acueducto La Palma {\textendash} Tres puertas, localizados dentro del departamento del Valle del Cauca al sur occidente del pa{\'\i}s. La principal similitud encontrada en los estudios de caso en Bolivia y Colombia es que a pesar de la orientaci{\'o}n exclusiva al uso dom{\'e}stico de los actuales sistemas de abastecimiento de agua, en las comunidades rurales y periurbanas con niveles bajos de ingresos se realizan actividades productivas que transforman de hecho los actuales sistemas a sistemas multiprop{\'o}sito. [autores resumen]

}, author = {Mar{\'\i}a Catalina Ram{\'\i}rez} } @conference {413, title = {van Koppen - expert note}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {429, title = {Van Koppen - guidelines for community MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {583, title = {Video on international workshop on MUS systems for climate resilience}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A video of the international workshop with presentation highlights.

}, url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gWlQGdbyd8} } @booklet {407, title = {Vietnam: cost \& benefits of MUS in large irrigation systems, Trinh, CTIC and VAWR}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {353, title = {Vietnam: multiple uses in agro-wetland services}, year = {Submitted} } @article {164, title = {Vietnam: the importance of water in income-generating activities}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

A new Stockholm Environment Institute research project has investigated patterns of domestic water use in rural and peri-urban areas in Vietnam, with a particular focus on micro enterprises undertaken in and around the household using domestic water supplies.

} } @booklet {521, title = {WASHTech TAF for MUS}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {176, title = {Water and livelihoods in urban areas in India}, year = {Submitted} } @article {299, title = {Water harvesting ponds and shallow wells in Tigray Region }, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Water harvesting ponds and shallow wells have been implemented at large scale in the Tigray region, largely for productive purposes. While the central as well as regional governments actively promote the construction of thousands of ponds, all kinds of operational issues hamper the optimal exploitation of these water sources for multiple uses.

} } @article {304, title = {Water productivity from a gender perspective}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {306, title = {Water quality and multiple uses in Legedini and Dire Dawa}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {422, title = {Wichelns - mus_note_100205}, year = {Submitted} } @article {162, title = {Winner of case study award 2005: NEWAH}, year = {Submitted} } @article {180, title = {Winner of case study award 2006: PLAN Zimbabwe}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {476, title = {Winrock MUS Activities and Key Learnings}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {481, title = {Winrock MUS Training}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {457, title = {Winrock{\textquoteright}s activities in Niger}, year = {Submitted} } @booklet {490, title = {World Vision MUS programming}, year = {Submitted} } @article {527, title = {Zambia: Local-level integrated water resource management}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This process document reports on the integrated water resource management (IWRM) and food security project in Kafue Basin in Zambia.

} } @article {505, title = {Zambia: Water supply provision for poverty alleviation in rural areas}, year = {Submitted} } @conference {326, title = {Zimbabwe- experiences with multiple uses in three districts in Zimbabwe}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This paper, which was presented at the WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP symposium in November 2006 in Lilongwe, explores experiences with multiple uses of water at community level in three districts in Zimbabwe. It concludes that technology is a key factor in this, as it determines amounts of water that people can access, and hence the uses water can be put to.

}, author = {Luckson Katsi and Japson Siwadi and Edward Guzha and Fungai S. Makoni and Stef Smits} } @article {324, title = {Zimbabwe- Factors enabling and hindering multiple use services in 3 districts of Zimbabwe}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This MSc thesis reviews various factors enabling and hindering the implementation of multiple-use services at community level in Zimbabwe. It concludes that especially technology and system design, including the distance to the water source, affect water use patterns for different purposes.

}, author = {Luckson Katsi} } @article {443, title = {Zimbabwe - guidelines for planning water for livelihoods}, year = {Submitted} } @article {314, title = {Zimbabwe- Institutional learning about multiple use services through the learning alliance approach}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This report analyses the learning alliance approache followed as method for institutional learning about multiple uses in Zimbabwe. It mainly consisted of working with national stakeholders, in the form of stimulating exchange and consolidation of experiences between them.

}, author = {Fungai Makoni and Stef Smits and Innocent Shoshore and Max Jonga} } @article {130, title = {Zimbabwe: multiple uses of water, gender roles and responsibilities, Chipinge (English)}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This study from a village in the semi-arid south-east of Zimbabwe by Luckson Katsi from the University of Zimbabwe focuses on gender roles in the use of water.

} } @article {325, title = { Zimbabwe - policies and institutional framework for multiple uses of water}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This report analyzes implications for multiple-use water services of national policies and laws and the institutional framework for water services in Zimbabwe, both at national and intermediate level. This framework, in theory, would enable a multiple use approach at intermediate level, but does not actively promote it. This opportunity wasn{\textquoteright}t seized until recent innovations by the NGO sector.

}, author = {Fungai Makoni and Stef Smits} } @article {88, title = {Zimbabwe: Pump Aid{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}elephant pump{\textquoteright}}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This case study provides an overview of the work and key interventions made by the NGO Pump Aid at the household (HH) and community levels in some parts of Zimbabwe.

} } @article {323, title = {Zimbabwe: technologies for multiple uses of water}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

This report reviews different technologies, which are being used to provide multiple uses of water in Zimbabwe. It provides a description of each of the available technologies and how they operate. An analysis is made of the implications of each of them on water use.

}, author = {Edward Guzha and Ephraim Chimbunde and Stef Smits and Sizwile Khoza} } @booklet {473, title = {Zimbabwe: ZimWASH}, year = {Submitted}, abstract = {

Zimbabwe{\textquoteright}s water and sanitation coverage significantly declined in the last decade as a result of inadequate financial resources, socio-economic challenges, weakened institutions and deteriorating standards of essential services offered by local government.

} } @article {618, title = {Does Rural Water System Design Matter? A Study of Productive Use of Water in Rural Nepal}, journal = {Water}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

In Nepal, rural water systems (RWS) are classified by practitioners as single-use domestic water systems (SUS) or multiple-use water systems (MUS). In the rural hills of Nepal, subsistence farming communities typically use RWS to support income-generating productive activities that can enhance rural livelihoods. However, there is limited research on the extent of existing productive activity and the factors enabling these activities. This paper examines the extent of water-related productive activities and the factors driving these activities based on a study, undertaken between October 2017 to June 2018, of 202 households served from five single-use domestic water systems and five multiple use water systems in the mid-hills of Nepal. The research found that a majority (94\%) of these households engaged in two or more productive activities including growing vegetables and horticulture crops, raising livestock, and producing biogas and Rakshi (locally-produced alcohol), regardless of the system design, i.e., SUS vs. MUS. Around 90\% of the households were engaged in productive activities that contributed to over 10\% of their mean annual household income ($4,375). Since the SUS vs. MUS classification was not found to be a significant determinant of the extent of productive activity, the households were reclassified as having high or low levels of productive activity based on the quantity of water used for these activities and the associated earned income. A multinomial logistic regression model was developed to measure the relative significance of various predictors of high productive activity households. Five dominant predictors were identified: households that farm as a primary occupation, use productive technologies, are motivated to pursue productive activities, have received water-related productive activity training, and have received external support related to productive activities. Whereas MUS are designed for productive activity, nearly every household in SUS communities was involved in productive activities making them {\textquoteleft}de-facto{\textquoteright} MUS. These results challenge the current approach to rural water provision that views SUS and MUS as functionally different services

}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/10/1978}, author = {Raj GC and Shyam Ranganathan and Ralph P. Hall} } @mastersthesis {617, title = {Water use policy guidelines for productive subsistence activities in the Andean rural area}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2018}, month = {06/2018}, pages = {4 (English summary)}, school = {Universidad del Valle}, address = {Cali}, abstract = {

In Colombia, Dr. Silvia Milena finalized her Ph.D. thesis, {\textquotedblleft}Lineamientos de pol{\'\i}tica de uso de agua para las actividades productivas de subsistencia en la zona rural andina{\textquotedblright}, directed by In{\'e}s Restrepo Tarquino, Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). \ This research has encouraged the Ministry of Housing, City and Territory of Colombia to be the first in the world to revise its design criteria for rural water supply to enable multiple uses. This is a major step in a setting where rural development is the top priority in the Peace Agreement.

}, keywords = {equity, IWRM, livelihoods, multiple use of water, policy}, author = {Milena, S.} } @article {614, title = {A General Micro-Level Modeling Approach to Analyzing Interconnected SDGs: Achieving SDG 6 and More through Multiple-UseWater Services (MUS)}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

The 2030 agenda presents an integrated set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and\ targets that will shape development activities for the coming decade. The challenge now facing\ development organizations and governments is how to operationalize this interconnected set of goals\ and targets through effective projects and programs. This paper presents a micro-level modeling
approach that can quantitatively assess the impacts associated with rural water interventions that\ are tailored to specific communities. The analysis focuses on how a multiple-use water services\ (MUS) approach to SDG 6 could reinforce a wide range of other SDGs and targets. The multilevel\ modeling framework provides a generalizable template that can be used in multiple sectors. In this\ paper, we apply the methodology to a dataset on rural water services from Mozambique to show that\ community-specific equivalents of macro-level variables used in the literature such as Cost of Illness\ (COI) avoided can provide a better indication of the impacts of a specific intervention. The proposed\ modeling framework presents a new frontier for designing projects in any sector that address the\ specific needs of communities, while also leveraging the knowledge gained from previous projects in\ any country. The approach also presents a way for agencies and organizations to design projects or\ programs that bridge sectors/disciplines (water, irrigation, health, energy, economic development, etc.) to advance an interconnected set of SDGs and targets.

}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/314/pdf}, author = {Ralph P. Hall and Shyam Ranganathan and Raj Kumar G. C.} } @article {619, title = {Reducing the burden of rural water supply through greywater reuse: a case study from northern Malawi}, journal = {Water Science \& Technology: Water Supply}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Greywater reuse has potential for non-potable applications that conserve freshwater resources in\ water-stressed areas especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The feasibility of reusing greywater for\ domestic activities in a rural area of Malawi, Africa, was evaluated from microbiological and public\ acceptance perspectives. Median Escherichia coli concentrations for eight domestic greywater\ sources (handwashing, laundry, runoff from a tap apron, bathing, cleaning a home/kitchen, cleaning\ a water collection container, washing plates and soaking vegetables) ranged from 100 to \>20,000\ colony forming units (cfu)/100 ml. Twenty-four of 47 greywater samples tested (51\%) met the World Health Organization guideline for unrestricted use of greywater for irrigation. Pertinently, 80\% (4/5)
and 60\% (3/5) of greywater samples from handwashing stations and bathing had E. coli less than the\ WHO guideline. Users reported greatest acceptance of reusing greywater for growing food and\ washing clothes, especially when the greywater source was bathing. Acceptance was closely tied to\ a household{\textquoteright}s economic standing, geographic location, and first-hand knowledge of reusing
greywater. Greywater reuse practices in rural areas, especially targeting bathing water as suitable\ from bacteriological and user perception criteria, can help mitigate the impacts of water stress in\ sub-Saharan Africa.

}, author = {Evan Newcomer and Courtney Boyd and Laban Nyirenda and Emmanuel Opong and Shannon Marquez and Rochelle Holm} } @article {613, title = {Multiple uses of small reservoirs in crop-livestock agro-ecosystems of the Volta River Basin with an emphasis on livestock management}, year = {2016}, abstract = {

Small reservoirs are structures that capture and store runoff at catchment level. The surface area of majority of these reservoirs ranges from 3 to 30 ha. In Burkina Faso, a small reservoir is defined by the height of the dam, which should be below 10 m. They have multiple uses: irrigation during dry spells, fishing, livestock watering, domestic use and groundwater recharge through increased infiltration. Although one of the major uses of small reservoirs in the Volta River Basin is for livestock watering, there is limited information, if any, on how livestock management practices affect this use. This study was conducted in communities using five small reservoirs (Bagyalgo, Soumyalga, Goinre, Ninighi and Thiou) in Yatenga Province of Burkina Faso in the Volta River Basin. The aim of the study was to document the multiple uses of small reservoirs in the study sites with an emphasis on access to, and use by, livestock, and conflicts that arise over the use of these reservoirs. Specifically, the objectives of this study are to: (i) document the multiple uses of small reservoirs with a focus on how livestock management practices affect this use; and (ii) identify the proximate and long-term causes of livestock-related conflicts with regard to multiple uses of small reservoirs and strategies to manage them. The results of this study have confirmed the commonly reported trend of the increasing use of the small reservoirs for vegetable production, even though most of the small reservoirs were initially constructed for livestock watering. The competition for use of these small reservoirs for vegetable production and livestock watering is the main challenge to the management of these reservoirs in the study sites. Adult males and boys accounted for at least 60\% of the users of small reservoirs in this study. Livestock watering was carried out mainly by adult males and boys, whereas the use of small reservoirs for domestic purposes was dominated by adult females and girls. In addition to the provision of water for livestock, small reservoirs also contributed to supplying feed resources for livestock by providing green forage in the dry season, which accounted for at least 5\% of the total dry matter feed. None of the five small reservoirs in the study were used for fodder production. Increased competition over the use of small reservoirs, damage caused by livestock to irrigated crops and vegetables, and an increased number of livestock using the small reservoirs were ranked as the most important causes of conflict. However, most cases of conflict over the use of the small reservoirs were resolved at the community level. Peaceful coexistence in the use of the small reservoirs for vegetable production and livestock watering is essential for reducing the incidence of conflict, and this will require engagement of key stakeholders such as vegetable growers{\textquoteright} associations and livestock keepers{\textquoteright} associations.

}, author = {Augustine. A. Ayantunde and Mawa Karambiri and Viviane Yameogo and Olufunke O. Cofie} } @article {551, title = {Nepal: Sustainability and replicability of multiple-use water systems}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Research findings in this report show that MUS are overall more sustainable than single-use systems in Nepal: 87.5\% of the MUS surveyed are still fully functional or need minor repair versus 56.8\% of the single-use domestic supply systems surveyed in a recent study led by the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS).

} } @article {607, title = {Multiple Use Services (MUS) of Water in WaterAid West Africa; Understanding the practices, exploring the opportunities}, year = {2014}, institution = {WaterAid}, abstract = {

This document explores examples where WaterAid-supported services have been designed to accommodate\ multiple uses. It provides background on why people use water for multiple purposes, the technologies\ used, techniques that address sustainability concerns and opportunities for scaling up MUS in\ WaterAid supported programmes.

}, author = {WaterAid} } @article {612, title = {Multiple-Use Water Services Toward a Nutrition-Sensitive Approach}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

With emerging evidence suggesting that stunting cannot be addressed without also focusing on WASH, the SPRING (Strengthening Partnerships, Results, and Innovations in Nutrition Globally) project wanted to better understand current WASH and water strategies that sought to bridge agriculture and health to reduce undernutrition at the community, farm, and household level. A key element of that review focused on MUS. Through document reviews and interviews with six key organizations implementing MUS, SPRING found several promising practices currently being assessed and undertaken by the surveyed organizations. SPRING believes MUS has the potential to contribute nutrition outcomes, as it provides two necessary components:

In addition, many MUS systems are community-managed, and can provide opportunities for community organization and women{\textquoteright}s empowerment, an essential step toward improved nutrition.

SPRING also identified several areas that could be improved or expanded to make the MUS approach more nutrition-sensitive. It is clear that the potential impact of MUS on nutrition is recognized across most MUS activities, and each activity that SPRING features in this report did plan and program additional nutrition-sensitive or nutrition-specific interventions to support such outcomes. However, measurement was often inadequate to be able to determine the contribution that MUS made to these metrics. In order to take full advantage of MUS towards improving nutrition outcomes, additional nutrition-related programming and a commitment to measurement is necessary

}, author = {SPRING} } @article {499, title = {Cartoon on food security}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

Cartoon on food security developed for the Triple-S project.

} } @proceedings {603, title = {MUS roundtable workshop proceedings}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

This report documents the MUS Roundtable Workshop Held at Bellagio Conference Center, Italy, September 3-7, 2012. This report is not a final synthesis, but tries to capture the workshop output in a non-interpreted way. THIS DOCUMENTATION IS MEANT TO BE A REFERENCE DOCUMENT for all participants and is intended to provide details of what transpired. Almost all results of the working groups and plenary sessions are documented.

} } @proceedings {602, title = {Scaling Pathways for Multiple-Use Services, for Food Security and Health}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The Multiple use water services (MUS) Group, together with some of its members and partners (IRC, IWMI, Winrock International, RiPPLE, CINARA, World Vision, USAID, Virginia Tech University and Rockefeller Foundation) convened a session at the Stockholm World Water Week on {\textquoteleft}Scaling Pathways for Multiple-Use Services, for Food Security and Health{\textquoteright} with the aim of identifying scaling pathways for MUS to reach the tipping point. ICID president Zao Ghanyi was the chair.

} } @article {474, title = {Honduras: MUS project is San Jose, La Paz}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

In this video a woman explains how she, throughout the implementation of the MUS project in her community, is able to support her family.

}, author = {Andres Gil} } @article {440, title = {India: assessing domestic uses in a large-scale irrigation system}, year = {2010}, abstract = {

In December 2010, a technical exchange visit was organised between FAO and IRC. The objective of this visit was to further develop the "domestic water supply and sanitation" component of the MASSMUS methodology for assessing multiple uses of water in large-scale irrigation systems. This component was field-tested in the Krishna Western Delta irrigation system, in Andhra Pradesh, India. The attached report presents the main findings of that study.

} } @book {371, title = {Global: Climbing the Water Ladder - Multiple-Use Water Services for Poverty Reduction}, year = {2009}, abstract = {

Sustained access to water in low- and middle-income countries is crucial for domestic use (drinking, personal hygiene, etc.) and is also an imperative for people{\textquoteright}s livelihoods, income-generating activities and small-scale enterprise (e.g. livestock, horticulture, irrigation, fisheries, brickmaking, and othes). Overall, this book exposes the detrimental effects and impacts of approaching water services in isolated ways -- where the continued practise of separating community water services between domestic use and livelihoods have done little in alleviating poverty.

Available in English and espagnol (Ascendiendo la escala de agua).

}, author = {Barbara van Koppen and Stef Smits and Patrick Moriarty and F.W.T Penning de Vries and M. Mikhail and E. Boelee} } @article {389, title = {Niger: the use of Canzee Pumps in the Zinder region of Niger}, year = {2009}, abstract = {

The Canzee Hand pump is an inexpensive yet reliable and easy to maintain pump, ideal for small communities. After two years of trials, Winrock International asked its developer to suggest an even simpler design which could be made from locally sourced materials and offered for sale to private households. A prototype pump was made in September 2009, and over the following months a further fifty units will constructed and marketed.

} } @proceedings {601, title = {Reports of 4 MUS sessions at the World Water Forum 2009 in Istanbul}, year = {2009}, abstract = {

There is a\ report of the session on water multi-tasking: how to obtain more benefits per drop from multiple uses and functions, beingsession 2.4.1 of the 5th World Water Forum (WWF).

A report on bridging sectors to strengthen multiple uses and functions of water services being session 2.4.2 of the 5th World Water Forum (WWF).

A report on multiple-use services for more MDGs per drop; how to make it happen?, being session 2.4.3 of the 5th World Water Forum (WWF).

A report on multiple use and functions of water services being topic 2.4 of the 5th World Water Forum (WWF).

} } @conference {600, title = {Community-level multiple-use water services: MUS to climb the water ladder}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

The Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) project PN28 developed and tested {\textquoteleft}multiple-use water services{\textquoteright} ({\textquoteleft}MUS{\textquoteright}). This approach to water services takes multiple water needs of rural and periurban communities as the starting point for planning and designing new systems or rehabilitations. By overcoming the administrative boundaries between single-use sectors, MUS contributes more sustainably to more dimensions of well-being than single-use approaches: health, freedom from drudgery, food, and income. The action-research took place in 25 study areas in eight countries in five basins. The project brought global, national, intermediate level, and local partners together who were champions of MUS at the time. At the community level, the project identified generic models for implementing MUS. This was done through pilotimplementation of innovative multiple-use water services, and by analyzing de facto multiple uses of singleuse planned systems. At the intermediate, national, and global level, the project{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteleft}learning alliances{\textquoteright} engaged in the wide upscaling of these community-level MUS models, with the aim of establishing an enabling environment to provide every rural and periurban water user with water for multiple uses. This paper presents some of the project findings.

}, author = {Barbara van Koppen and Stef Smits and Patrick Moriarty and Frits Penning de Vries} } @article {259, title = {Dise{\~n}o y evaluaci{\'o}n de alternativas para un sistema de uso m{\'u}ltiple de agua para la comunidad de Caico Alto, Cochabamba - Bolivia}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

Este documento, elaborado por el Programa Agua Tuya, presenta un dise{\~n}o de sistema de aprovisionamiento de agua tomando en cuenta conceptos de Usos M{\'u}ltiples del Agua (MUS) para la comunidad de Caico Alto en Cochabamba - Bolivia. El documento incluye un an{\'a}lisis comparativo de costos de inversi{\'o}n de cuatro alternativas diferentes que proveen al usuario diferentes dotaciones de agua: 50, 100, 250 y 450 litros per c{\'a}pita d{\'\i}a respectivamente.

} } @article {486, title = {Global: Multiple Use Water Services for the Poor; Assessing the State of Knowledge}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to guide prospective investments in the water sector by

The study findings suggest that while multiple-use services cost more than single-use services, they do offer significant advantages in that they have greater potential to:

The estimated potential beneficiaries from multiple use investments according this studies is over 1 billion people in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

} } @proceedings {599, title = {International symposium on multiple-use water services - proceedings }, year = {2008}, abstract = {

This file contains the complete set of pre-prints with the proceedings of the symposium. Note that this is the final draft. Some of the papers may still contain errors and omissions. Besides, not all papers could be included in time. A finalised version will be published after the symposium, after authors have had the chance to submit any changes, and we have included papers that came in late.

}, author = {John Butterworth and Martin Keijzer and Ian Smout and Fitsum Hagos} } @book {282, title = {MUS implementation in Nepal and India}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

This book explores the practical implementation of the multiple-use water services (MUS) concept in Nepal and India, focusing on community-level lessons and implications for scaling up the approach.

} } @article {250, title = {Usos M{\'u}ltiples del Agua: Estrategia pr{\'a}ctica para aumentar el impacto de servicios de agua, bajo una visi{\'o}n integral}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

Esta nota de pol{\'\i}ticas presenta conclusiones de lecciones aprendidas en el tema de Usos M{\'u}ltiples del Agua en la zona Andina, especialmente en Bolivia y Colombia.

} } @article {229, title = {Bolivia - Multiple-use water services by design}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

This report (in Spanish) documents experiences with PROMIC and the Belgian Technical Cooperation project in the Vinto area to design and construct multiple use water supply systems in the Vinto area.

} } @article {236, title = {Colombia- CINARA Research on multiple-use water services: synthesis and lessons learnt}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

This report (in Spanish) synthesizes results of over ten completed projects and theses by students at Cinara on multiple uses of water. It draws out general recommendations for implementing multiple-use services at community-level and upscaling at intermediate- and national level.

} } @article {257, title = {Concepci{\'o}n y construcci{\'o}n participativa de un sistema de agua de uso m{\'u}ltiple en la zona rural de Vinto - Bolivia}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Este Estudio de Caso, elaborado por el Programa Agua Tuya en convenio con el Proyecto de Intervenciones Complementarias PROMIC-CTB (Programa de Manejo Integral de Cuencas - Cooperaci{\'o}n T{\'e}cnica Belga), analiza factores de {\'e}xito y el aprendizaje de un proyecto integral de agua potable y riego en la cuenca La Llave del municipio de Vinto, que articula las demandas de diversos grupos de inter{\'e}s. Las comunidades involucradas en el proyecto son 7: Vargas Linde, Machajmarca, Motecato, Sexta Parte, Th{\textquoteright}iomoco, Anocaraire, Coachaca Este, beneficiando a aproximadamente 4,700 habitantes tanto en riego como en agua potable.

NOTA: Algunas cifras o precisiones en el documento est{\'a}n sujetas a revisi{\'o}n y aprobaci{\'o}n por parte del PROMIC-CTB, por lo que no deber{\'a}n tomarse como datos oficiales.

} } @article {255, title = {Efectos m{\'u}ltiples de un Sistema de Riego PLUS en la Comunidad de Chaupisuyo, Cochabamba - Bolivia}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Este Estudio de Caso, elaborado por el Programa Agua Tuya, analiza la experiencia de la comunidad de Chaupisuyo (Cochabamba - Bolivia) en la gesti{\'o}n de m{\'u}ltiples sistemas de agua que utilizan entre s{\'\i} y que siendo complementarios entre ellos satisfacen de manera efectiva las necesidades de abastecimiento de agua de la comunidad tanto para usos dom{\'e}sticos como para riego.

} } @article {187, title = {Bolivia, India and Mali: Water, land and people - voices and insgihts from three continents}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

This article contains the experiences of three learning groups, from Bolivia, India and Mali, in joint reflection and learning about integrated water management.

} } @article {226, title = {Bolivia- Multiple use systems in Chaupisuyo, Sipe Sipe}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

This report of an irrigation-plus approach analyses irrigation systems in the Sipe Sipe area and how these have been designed and modified technically, institutionally, and financially, to support other productive uses and domestic supply for improved livelihoods.

} } @article {232, title = {Colombia- Analysis of the PAAR project cycle in Valle del Cauca: does MUS fit or not?}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

This report (in Spanish) analyzes the project cycle of PAAR, the intermediate-level rural water supply programme in Valle del Cauca. It focuses on quality and quantity norms and tariff setting that hamper or enable productive uses of water supplies during project planning, implementation and evaluation. Recommendations are made for improvements in the programme to better support livelihoods through improved water supply.

} } @article {309, title = {Ethiopia- Integrated multi-purpose water services in Tigray}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

This report synthesizes experiences with various multiple-use water schemes by design in the Adidaero (NGO-supported multi-purpose facilities) and Wukro watersheds (government-supported homestead water harvesting ponds and shallow wells) in Tigray Region. It identifies technological, institutional, and financial factors that help and hinder sustainable multiple uses of water resources for improved livelihoods. The report is based on longitudinal field research, two MSc theses (water harvesting ponds for home gardens and water quality of water harvesting ponds and shallow wells) and three MSc theses (shallow wells for crop production; household uses of ponds; groundwater).

}, author = {Michiko Ebato and Samuel Yehdego and Eline Boelee and Amanuel and Bekele Abaire and Desalegne Simachew and Mintesinot Behailu and students} } @article {165, title = {Local governments central to taking forward the multiple use services approach in South Africa}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

A recent meeting in South Africa concluded that local governments have a central role to play to take the multiple use services approach forward. Various initiatives are undertaken to support local authorities in this task.

} } @booklet {152, title = {Making shampoo}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

Advocacy material

Water is used in many household-level, usually informal, micro-enterprises and not just for gardening or livestock. This businessman is making shampoo in peri-urban Nairobi and needs clean water for his work.

} } @proceedings {598, title = {Mexico: WWF 2006 MUS session report}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

Session on MUS at the World Water Forum 2006 in Mexico. The session was held on the theme of\ Water, Food, and Environment

Cross-cutting perspectives: Water for Growth and Development, New models for financing local water initiatives, Capacity building and social learning, Application of science, technology and knowledge.

} } @article {270, title = {Reporte Cuarta Reunion Alianza de Aprendizaje del Valle}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

La Alianza de Aprendizaje del Valle del Cauca se reuni{\'o} en Cali el 27 de marzo de 2006 con el objeto de compartir los avances del proyecto MUS y discutir sobre las actividades futuras

} } @article {272, title = {Reporte Quinta Reunion Alianza de Aprendizaje Valle}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

Contiene los resultados de una reuni{\'o}n celebrada el 13 de Octubre de 2006, en la cual los integrantes de la Alianza de Aprendizaje del Valle del Cauca formularon lineamientos para una propuesta de gu{\'\i}as de dise{\~n}o de sistemas de abastecimiento de agua rurales, que consideren el enfoque MUS.

} } @article {132, title = {Colombia: water availability and multiple uses of water in a Colombian micro-catchment (English \& Spanish)}, year = {2005}, abstract = {

This case study by Clara Roa of the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) looks into the relation between water availability and water consumption for multiple uses in a Colombian micro-catchment.

} } @article {312, title = {South Africa- National seminar on initiatives and experiences with the mus approach}, year = {2005}, abstract = {

On the 24th of August 2005, a seminar was held in Pretoria, bringing together a number of major sector stakeholders around the topic of multiple uses of water.The objective of the meeting was to map current initiatives around multiple uses of water, look for synergies and plan a way forward for improved information sharing between sector players.

} } @book {89, title = {Global: Beyond domestic:case studies on poverty and productive uses of water at the household level}, year = {2004}, abstract = {

Is something missing from your work in water supply? Do individuals and communities that you work with use their water supplies for multiple purposes? Are you challenged by how to help the poor gain access to water (beyond {\textquoteright}traditional{\textquoteright} domestic or field-scale irrigation needs) for activities that generate food and income like fruit and vegetable production, keeping livestock, brick-making and building, and a wide range of informal micro-enterprises? Do you search for ways to improve cost-recovery?

}, author = {Patrick Moriarty and John Butterworth and Barbara van Koppen} } @article {93, title = {Statement: Post-Johannesburg Symposium 2003}, year = {2004}, abstract = {

Responding to poverty: promoting productive uses of water at the household level summarises the findings, beliefs, and recommendations of a symposium held in Johannesburg in January 2003.\ 

} } @article {92, title = {Summary: Household-level productive uses of water around Cochabamba, Bolivia}, year = {2004}, month = {10/2004}, abstract = {

This case study focuses on both the contributions that household level productive water uses can make to livelihoods in peri-urban areas, and water resources allocations for such uses and potantial for conflict at the larger scale over scarce water supplies.

} } @article {597, title = {Towards Multiple Use Water Services - Background paper}, year = {2004}, abstract = {

This short paper is intended to serve as an introduction to the forthcoming e-conference in terms of concepts, content, and structure. The ideas presented very briefly here are developed in greater detail in a number of publications that are listed seperately under "Suggested reading".

}, author = {John Butterworth and Ines Restrepo and Barbara van Koppen and Tessa Cousins} } @conference {104, title = {03. Multiple use of irrigation water in Northern Morocco}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

A paper presented by Eline Boelee and Hammou Laamrani.

The semi-arid Zaio region in North-eastern Morocco is one of the many parts of the country where water is stored for domestic purposes in subterranean tanks. A study was conducted to describe their importance, the different methods of storage and the multiple uses of the stored water. Though originally designed for the storage of rainwater, the tanks are now often filled with water from irrigation canals.
A full tank can provide water for a period of one week to more than two months, depending on the size, type of use and number of people in the household. The water is used for different purposes including\ drinking, cooking, bathing, washing utensils, sweeping the floor, laundry, sanitation, watering cattle, small scale brick making and home gardens. More than half of the users who drink the water, treat it with\ chlorine or crushed limestone. Users indicated an interest in simple and cheap treatment methods to improve the water quality. The tank water is the only source of water for sanitation and hygiene, thus\ bringing substantial health benefits to the households. Without the tanks, the water use per capita would be far below the minimum health requirements. Livestock, home gardens and small scale brick making\ also depend on water from the tanks and hence contribute substantially to local income. The paper compares experiences in Zaio to other regions in Morocco, demonstrating how the multiple uses of stored irrigation water can contribute to improving rural livelihoods beyond the advantages of irrigation. It argues that investments in water resources development could be more cost-efficient if multipurpose systems were conceived, catering for both agricultural and domestic water needs. [authors abstract]

}, author = {Eline Boelee and Hammou Laamrani} } @conference {108, title = {07. Wastewater reuse for urban and periurban agriculture in Yaounde}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

A paper presented by D. Endamana, I.M. Kengne, J. Gockowski, J. Nya, D. Wandji, J. Nyemeck, N. N. Soua J. N. Bakwowi on 21-23 January 2003, Muldersdrift, South Africa.

Studies were conducted in three urban and two peri-urban sites in Yaounde to highlight the importance of food production in urban and peri-urban settings and the associated public health hazards. In each site,\ the physico-chemical, microbiological and parasitological properties of irrigation water were analysed and a socio-economic survey of urban and peri-urban agriculturalists conducted. The results show that water used for crop irrigation in the urban domain exceeds WHO bacterial and parasitic standards for unrestricted crop irrigation, in contrast to the peri-urban domain which met the standards. In the urban area, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci are \> 103 bacteria/100 ml and at least 33 \% of the samples contained helminth eggs and cysts of protozoa. These wastewaters constitute therefore a potential source of health risk both for farmers of and consumers of the food produced in these milieus. Slightly less than half of the farmers interviewed attributed a health problem to their working environment. Among these farmers malaria, skin ulcers, bilharzia, typhoid fever and diarrhoea were the most frequently cited illnesses and the health expenses attributed to associate illness were estimated at approximately 62 Euros per year for each farmer. Furthermore, approximately 11 days of work are lost per year due to these illnesses. [authors abstract]

}, author = {D. Endamana and I.M. Kengne and J. Gockowski and J. Nya and D. Wandji and J. Nyemeck and N. N. Soua and J. N. Bakwowi} } @article {91, title = {Global: How water supplies can play a wider role in livelihood improvement and poverty reduction}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

This IRC Thematic Overview Paper (TOP) looks at the broader range of uses which people allocate to their water supplies. It looks in particular at productive activities and micro-enterprises within households in villages, towns and cities in developing countries.

}, author = {Patrick Moriarty and John Butterworth} }